Description
Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
The Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a highly sensitive and specific assay designed for the accurate detection of phosphorylated glycogen synthase at serine 645 in cell lysates. This kit provides reliable and reproducible results, making it ideal for a variety of research applications.Glycogen synthase is a key enzyme involved in glycogen synthesis and regulation of glucose metabolism. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase at serine 645 plays a crucial role in the control of glycogen synthesis and glucose homeostasis.
Dysregulation of this process has been implicated in various metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.By accurately measuring the levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase at serine 645, researchers can gain valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders and potential therapeutic targets. The Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a valuable tool for studying these processes and developing novel treatment strategies.
| Product Name: | Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | CBCAB00411 |
| ELISA Type: | Cell-Based |
| Target: | Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) |
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Dynamic Range: | > 5000 Cells |
| Detection Method: | Colorimetric 450 nm |
| Format: | 2 x 96-Well Microplates |
The Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect Glycogen Synthase protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on Glycogen Synthase phosphorylation.
Qualitative determination of Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) is captured by Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645)-specific primary antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies bind the Fc region of the primary antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the secondary antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:
| 1. | A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values. |
| 2. | Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted. |
| Database Information: | Gene ID: 2997, UniProt ID: P13807, OMIM: 138570/611556, Unigene: Hs.386225/Hs.433670 |
| Gene Symbol: | GYS1 |
| Sub Type: | Phospho |
| UniProt Protein Function: | GYS1: muscle glycogen synthase 1. Transfers glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to glycogen. Regulated allosterically by glucose-6-phosphate, and by PKA-mediated phosphorylation. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Carbohydrate Metabolism - starch and sucrose; EC 2.4.1.11; Transferase Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13.3 Cellular Component: membrane; cytoplasm; inclusion body; cytosol Molecular Function:protein binding; glycogen (starch) synthase activity; protein kinase binding; glucose binding Biological Process: glycogen biosynthetic process; heart development; carbohydrate metabolic process; glucose metabolic process; pathogenesis Disease: Glycogen Storage Disease 0, Muscle |
| NCBI Summary: | The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the addition of glucose monomers to the growing glycogen molecule through the formation of alpha-1,4-glycoside linkages. Mutations in this gene are associated with muscle glycogen storage disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009] |
| UniProt Code: | P13807 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 1351366 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 2997 |
| NCBI Accession: | P13807.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P13807,Q9BTT9, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P13807 |
| Molecular Weight: | 737 |
| NCBI Full Name: | Glycogen |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | GYS1 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | GSY; GYS |
| NCBI Protein Information: | glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle |
| Protein Family: | Glycogen [starch] synthase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | GYS1 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | GYS1_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity |
| 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate | 2 plates |
| 10X TBS | 24 mL |
| Quenching Buffer | 24 mL |
| Blocking Buffer | 50 mL |
| 15X Wash Buffer | 50 mL |
| Primary Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| 100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| 100x Anti-Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| Anti-GAPDH Antibody | 60 µL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| SDS Solution | 12 mL |
| Stop Solution | 24 mL |
| Ready-to-Use Substrate | 12 mL |
| Crystal Violet Solution | 12 mL |
| Adhesive Plate Seals | 2 seals |
The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
- Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
- Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
- 37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
- Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
- Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
- Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
- Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
- Orbital shaker (optional)
- Deionized or sterile water
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
| Step | Procedure |
| 1. | Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37°C prior to adding cells. |
| 2. | Incubate the cells for overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2. |
| 3. | Treat the cells as desired. |
| 4. | Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice. |
| 5. | Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells. |
| 6. | Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4°C for a week. |
| 7. | Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. |
| 8. | Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 9. | Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature. |
| 10. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 11. | Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-Glycogen Synthase (Phospho-Ser645) Antibody, Anti-Glycogen Synthase Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4°C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. |
| 12. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 13. | Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature. |
| 14. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 15. | Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark. |
| 16. | Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader. |
(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)
