Description
NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
The NF-kappaB p65 (phospho Thr435) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the accurate detection of phosphorylated NF-kappaB p65 at Thr435 in cell lysates. This kit provides high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring reliable and reproducible results for researchers studying NF-kappaB signaling pathways.NF-kappaB p65 is a key transcription factor involved in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 at Thr435 has been linked to the activation of NF-kappaB signaling and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
Understanding the phosphorylation status of NF-kappaB p65 is essential for unraveling its role in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions.With its user-friendly protocol and high-performance characteristics, the NF-kappaB p65 (phospho Thr435) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is an invaluable tool for researchers looking to investigate NF-kappaB signaling dynamics and potential therapeutic targets. Trust in the accuracy and precision of this kit for your research needs.
| Product Name: | NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | CBCAB01581 |
| ELISA Type: | Cell-Based |
| Target: | NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435) |
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Dynamic Range: | > 5000 Cells |
| Detection Method: | Colorimetric 450 nm |
| Format: | 2 x 96-Well Microplates |
The NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect NF-kB p65 protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated NF-kB p65 in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on NF-kB p65 phosphorylation.
Qualitative determination of NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435) is captured by NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435)-specific primary (1ø) antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary (2ø) antibodies bind the Fc region of the 1ø antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the 2ø antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:
| 1. | A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values. |
| 2. | Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted. |
| Database Information: | Gene ID: 5970, UniProt ID: Q04206, OMIM: 164014, Unigene: Hs.502875 |
| Gene Symbol: | RELA |
| Sub Type: | Phospho |
| UniProt Protein Function: | NFkB-p65: a subunit of NF-kappa-B transcription complex, which plays a crucial role in inflammatory and immune responses. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B upon NF-kappa-B in the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with p65. P65 shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute directly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. There are five NFkB proteins in mammals (RelA/NFkB-p65, RelB, c-Rel, NF-_B1/NFkB-p105, and NF-_B2/NFkB-p100). They form a variety of homodimers and heterodimers, each of which activates its own characteristic set of genes. Three splice-variant isoforms have been identified. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:DNA-binding; Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Transcription factor Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q13.1 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; nuclear chromatin; nucleoplasm; nucleus; transcription factor complex Molecular Function:actinin binding; chromatin binding; chromatin DNA binding; DNA binding; histone deacetylase binding; identical protein binding; NF-kappaB binding; phosphate binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; protein kinase binding; protein N-terminus binding; RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, enhancer binding; transcription activator binding; transcription factor activity; transcription factor binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding Biological Process: activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; inflammatory response; membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; regulation of inflammatory response; response to organic substance; response to UV-B; stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway; T cell receptor signaling pathway |
| NCBI Summary: | NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011] |
| UniProt Code: | Q04206 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 62906901 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 5970 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q04206.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q04206,Q6GTV1, Q6SLK1, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q04206 |
| Molecular Weight: | 59,910 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Transcription factor p65 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | RELA |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | p65; NFKB3 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | transcription factor p65 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Transcription factor p65 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3 |
| Protein Family: | Proline-rich P65 protein |
| UniProt Gene Name: | RELA |
| Component | Quantity |
| 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate | 2 plates |
| 10X TBS | 24 mL |
| Quenching Buffer | 24 mL |
| Blocking Buffer | 50 mL |
| 15X Wash Buffer | 50 mL |
| Primary Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| 100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| 100x Anti-Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| Anti-GAPDH Antibody | 60 µL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| SDS Solution | 12 mL |
| Stop Solution | 24 mL |
| Ready-to-Use Substrate | 12 mL |
| Crystal Violet Solution | 12 mL |
| Adhesive Plate Seals | 2 seals |
The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
- Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
- Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
- 37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
- Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
- Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
- Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
- Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
- Orbital shaker (optional)
- Deionized or sterile water
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
| Step | Procedure |
| 1. | Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37 °C prior to adding cells. |
| 2. | Incubate the cells for overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. |
| 3. | Treat the cells as desired. |
| 4. | Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice. |
| 5. | Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells. |
| 6. | Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4 °C for a week. |
| 7. | Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. |
| 8. | Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 9. | Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature. |
| 10. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 11. | Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-NF-kappaB p65 (Phospho-Thr435) Antibody, Anti-NF-kappaB p65 Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4 °C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. |
| 12. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 13. | Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature. |
| 14. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 15. | Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark. |
| 16. | Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader. |
(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)
