Description
FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
The FANCD2 Phospho-Ser222 Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a powerful tool for studying the phosphorylation status of FANCD2 at serine 222 in cell-based assays. This kit provides researchers with the ability to accurately measure levels of FANCD2 phosphorylation, a key post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability.With high sensitivity and specificity, the FANCD2 Phospho-Ser222 Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit offers reliable and reproducible results, making it an indispensable tool for studying DNA damage response pathways and investigating potential therapeutic targets for cancer and other genetic disorders.
By utilizing this innovative kit, researchers can gain valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DNA repair processes and identify novel strategies for improving treatment outcomes in patients with DNA repair defects.
| Product Name: | FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | CBCAB01270 |
| ELISA Type: | Cell-Based |
| Target: | FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222) |
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Dynamic Range: | > 5000 Cells |
| Detection Method: | Colorimetric 450 nm |
| Format: | 2 x 96-Well Microplates |
The FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect FANCD2 protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated FANCD2 in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on FANCD2 phosphorylation.
Qualitative determination of FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222) is captured by FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222)-specific primary (1ø) antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary (2ø) antibodies bind the Fc region of the 1ø antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the 2ø antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:
| 1. | A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values. |
| 2. | Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted. |
| Database Information: | Gene ID: 2177, UniProt ID: Q9BXW9, OMIM: 227646/227650, Unigene: Hs.208388 |
| Gene Symbol: | FANCD2 |
| Sub Type: | Phospho |
| UniProt Protein Function: | FANCD2: Required for maintenance of chromosomal stability. Promotes accurate and efficient pairing of homologs during meiosis. Involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, both by homologous recombination and single-strand annealing. May participate in S phase and G2 phase checkpoint activation upon DNA damage. Plays a role in preventing breakage and loss of missegregating chromatin at the end of cell division, particularly after replication stress. Required for the targeting, or stabilization, of BLM to non-centromeric abnormal structures induced by replicative stress. Promotes BRCA2/FANCD1 loading onto damaged chromatin. May also be involved in B-cell immunoglobulin isotype switching. Interacts directly with FANCE and FANCI. Interacts with USP1 and MEN1. The ubiquitinated form specifically interacts with BRCA1 and BLM. Both the nonubiquitinated and the monoubiquitinated forms interact with BRCA2; this interaction is mediated by phosphorylated FANCG and the complex also includes XCCR3. The ubiquitinated form specifically interacts with MTMR15/FAN1 (via UBZ-type zinc finger), leading to recruit MTMR15/FAN1 to sites of DNA damage. Interacts with DCLRE1B/Apollo. Highly expressed in germinal center cells of the spleen, tonsil, and reactive lymph nodes, and in the proliferating basal layer of squamous epithelium of tonsil, esophagus, oropharynx, larynx and cervix. Expressed in cytotrophoblastic cells of the placenta and exocrine cells of the pancreas. Highly expressed in testis, where expression is restricted to maturing spermatocytes. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:DNA repair, damage Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3p26 Cellular Component: condensed chromosome; cytoplasm; nucleolus; nucleoplasm; nucleus Molecular Function:protein binding Biological Process: DNA repair; gamete generation; response to gamma radiation; synapsis Disease: Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group D2; Tracheoesophageal Fistula With Or Without Esophageal Atresia |
| NCBI Summary: | The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group D2. This protein is monoubiquinated in response to DNA damage, resulting in its localization to nuclear foci with other proteins (BRCA1 AND BRCA2) involved in homology-directed DNA repair. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016] |
| UniProt Code: | Q9BXW9 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 727863575 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 2177 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q9BXW9.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q9BXW9,Q2LA86, Q69YP9, Q6PJN7, Q9BQ06, Q9H9T9, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q9BXW9 |
| Molecular Weight: | 27,501 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Fanconi anemia group D2 protein |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | FANCD2 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | FA4; FAD; FACD; FAD2; FA-D2; FANCD |
| NCBI Protein Information: | Fanconi anemia group D2 protein |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Fanconi anemia group D2 protein |
| Protein Family: | FANCD2 opposite strand protein |
| UniProt Gene Name: | FANCD2 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | FACD2_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity |
| 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate | 2 plates |
| 10X TBS | 24 mL |
| Quenching Buffer | 24 mL |
| Blocking Buffer | 50 mL |
| 15X Wash Buffer | 50 mL |
| Primary Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| 100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| 100x Anti-Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| Anti-GAPDH Antibody | 60 µL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| SDS Solution | 12 mL |
| Stop Solution | 24 mL |
| Ready-to-Use Substrate | 12 mL |
| Crystal Violet Solution | 12 mL |
| Adhesive Plate Seals | 2 seals |
The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
- Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
- Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
- 37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
- Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
- Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
- Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
- Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
- Orbital shaker (optional)
- Deionized or sterile water
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
| Step | Procedure |
| 1. | Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37 °C prior to adding cells. |
| 2. | Incubate the cells for overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. |
| 3. | Treat the cells as desired. |
| 4. | Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice. |
| 5. | Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells. |
| 6. | Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4 °C for a week. |
| 7. | Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. |
| 8. | Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 9. | Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature. |
| 10. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 11. | Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-FANCD2 (Phospho-Ser222) Antibody, Anti-FANCD2 Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4 °C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. |
| 12. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 13. | Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature. |
| 14. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 15. | Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark. |
| 16. | Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader. |
(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)
