Product Name:	Human alpha Actinin 4 protein / ACTN4 ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI01340
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	ACTN4, Alpha-actinin-4, F-actin cross-linking protein, Non-muscle alpha-actinin 4, ACTININ-4, FSGS, FSGS1
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human ACTN4 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	46.875pg/ml
Range:	78.125-5000pg/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human ACTN4 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human ACTN4 in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	91-102	97
EDTA plasma(n=5)	91-102	97
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-104	95

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human ACTN4 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	87-105%	88-104%	91-102%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	82-90%	91-100%	83-100%
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-99%	81-95%	81-96%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

O43707

UniProt Protein Function:	ACTN4: F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Defects in ACTN4 are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis type 1 (FSGS1). A renal pathology defined by the presence of segmental sclerosis in glomeruli and resulting in proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate and edema. Renal insufficiency often progresses to end-stage renal disease, a highly morbid state requiring either dialysis therapy or kidney transplantation. Belongs to the alpha-actinin family.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Cytoskeletal Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19q13 Cellular Component: cortical cytoskeleton; extracellular space; neuron projection; focal adhesion; protein complex; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytoplasm; stress fiber; extracellular region; intercellular junction; pseudopodium; Z disc; ribonucleoprotein complex; nucleus Molecular Function:actin filament binding; integrin binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity; retinoic acid receptor binding; nucleoside binding; protein N-terminus binding; calcium ion binding; actin binding; nuclear hormone receptor binding Biological Process: regulation of apoptosis; retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway; platelet activation; actin filament bundle formation; protein transport; platelet degranulation; response to hypoxia; negative regulation of cell motility; positive regulation of cell motility; positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity; positive regulation of pinocytosis; blood coagulation Disease: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 1
NCBI Summary:	Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	O43707
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	13123943
NCBI Gene ID:	81
NCBI Accession:	O43707.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	O43707,O76048, A4K467, D6PXK4,
UniProt Related Accession:	O43707
Molecular Weight:	911
NCBI Full Name:	Alpha-actinin-4
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	actinin, alpha 4
NCBI Official Symbol:	ACTN4
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	FSGS; FSGS1; ACTININ-4
NCBI Protein Information:	alpha-actinin-4; actinin alpha4 isoform; non-muscle alpha-actinin 4; F-actin cross-linking protein; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1
UniProt Protein Name:	Alpha-actinin-4
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	F-actin cross-linking protein; Non-muscle alpha-actinin 4
Protein Family:	Alpha-actinin
UniProt Gene Name:	ACTN4
UniProt Entry Name:	ACTN4_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

Inflammasome Activation Pathways: A Comprehensive Overview

Illuminating the Multifaceted Role of Acetylation: Bridging Chemistry and Biology Introduction:

Understanding IgA Test: Importance, Procedure, and Interpretation

Human alpha Actinin 4 protein / ACTN4 ELISA Kit

Description