Human PDGFA ELISA Kit (HUEB0143)- High Sensitivity

Product Name:	Human Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA) ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUEB0143
Alias:	Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A, PDGF subunit A, PDGF-1, Platelet-derived growth factor A chain, Platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide, PDGFA, PDGF1
Uniprot:	P04085
Reactivity:	Human
Range:	31.2-2000 pg/mL
Detection Method:	Sandwich
Size:	96 Assay
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	PDGFA: Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Required for normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers with PDGFB. Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Secreted, signal peptide; Cytokine; Cell cycle regulation; Secreted Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p22 Cellular Component: Golgi membrane; extracellular space; microvillus; cell surface; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; extracellular region Molecular Function:collagen binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; growth factor activity; protein heterodimerization activity; platelet-derived growth factor binding; platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding Biological Process: skin development; extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; wound healing; negative chemotaxis; platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; cell projection biogenesis; response to estradiol stimulus; positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; platelet degranulation; hair follicle development; positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade; cell-cell signaling; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cell proliferation; positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation; response to wounding; angiogenesis; inner ear development; regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; response to drug; platelet activation; response to inorganic substance; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; response to retinoic acid; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process; positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; cell activation; organ morphogenesis; regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; positive regulation of cell division; response to hypoxia; innate immune response; actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; blood coagulation; alveolus development; positive regulation of DNA replication; positive regulation of cell migration
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a member of the protein family comprised of both platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate platelet-derived growth factor subunit A, which can homodimerize, or alternatively, heterodimerize with the related platelet-derived growth factor subunit B. These proteins bind and activate PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases, which play a role in a wide range of developmental processes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
UniProt Code:	P04085
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	77695917
NCBI Gene ID:	5154
NCBI Accession:	NP_002598
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P04085,B5BU73,
UniProt Related Accession:	P04085
Molecular Weight:	22,253 Da
NCBI Full Name:	platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform 1 preproprotein
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	platelet derived growth factor subunit A
NCBI Official Symbol:	PDGFA
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PDGF1; PDGF-A
NCBI Protein Information:	platelet-derived growth factor subunit A
UniProt Protein Name:	Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	PDGF-1; Platelet-derived growth factor A chain; Platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide
Protein Family:	Platelet-derived growth factor
UniProt Gene Name:	PDGFA
UniProt Entry Name:	PDGFA_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

ELISA

Human PDGF AA / PDGF-A ELISA Kit