The Mouse Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) ELISA Kit is a highly sensitive and specific assay designed for the accurate detection of VKORC1 levels in mouse serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit provides reliable and reproducible results, making it ideal for a variety of research applications.VKORC1 is a key enzyme involved in the vitamin K cycle, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
Dysregulation of VKORC1 has been linked to conditions such as coagulopathy and thrombosis, making it a valuable biomarker for studying these disorders and developing potential treatments.Overall, the Mouse VKORC1 ELISA Kit offers researchers a reliable tool for measuring VKORC1 levels in mouse samples, providing valuable insights into the role of this enzyme in health and disease.
Mouse Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (Vkorc1)
Synonyms:
Vitamin K1 2, 3-epoxide reductase subunit 1
Assay Type:
Sandwich
Detection Method:
ELISA
Reactivity:
Mouse
Detection Range:
0.312-20ng/mL
Sensitivity:
0.171ng/mL
Intra CV:
5.5%
Inter CV:
8.2%
Linearity:
Sample
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
Serum(N=5)
108-118%
105-114%
107-116%
101-110%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)
101-110%
99-108%
108-118%
110-120%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)
91-99%
94-103%
102-111%
93-103%
Recovery:
Sample Type
Average(%)
Recovery Range(%)
Serum
103
97-109
Plasma
105
99-111
Function:
Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K. Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of various proteins, including clotting factors, and is required for normal blood coagulation, but also for normal bone development.
Uniprot:
Q9CRC0
Sample Type:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:
Natural and recombinant mouse Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1
Subcellular Location:
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Multi-pass membrane protein
Storage:
Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:
For research use only
UniProt Protein Function:
VKORC1: Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K. Defects in VKORC1 are a cause of combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors type 2 (VKCFD2). VKCFD leads to a bleeding tendency that is usually reversed by oral administration of vitamin K. Defects in VKORC1 are a cause of coumarin resistance (CMRES). A condition characterized by partial or complete resistance to warfarin or other 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. These drugs are used as anti-coagulants for the prevention of thromboembolic diseases in subjects with deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, or mechanical heart valve replacement. Belongs to the VKOR family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.Protein type: Membrane protein, multi-pass; EC 1.1.4.1; Oxidoreductase; Endoplasmic reticulum; Membrane protein, integralCellular Component: intracellular membrane-bound organelle; membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; integral to membraneMolecular Function: oxidoreductase activity; vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) activity; quinone binding; vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activityBiological Process: response to antibiotic; vitamin K biosynthetic process; vitamin K metabolic process; regulation of blood coagulation; positive regulation of coagulation; response to organic nitrogen; blood coagulation; drug metabolic process; peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation; response to organic cyclic substance
UniProt Protein Details:
NCBI Summary:
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but must be enzymatically activated. This enzymatically activated form of vitamin K is a reduced form required for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in some blood-clotting proteins. The product of this gene encodes the enzyme that is responsible for reducing vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to the enzymatically activated form. Fatal bleeding can be caused by vitamin K deficiency and by the vitamin K antagonist warfarin, and it is the product of this gene that is sensitive to warfarin. In humans, mutations in this gene can be associated with deficiencies in vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors and, in humans and rats, with warfarin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
Step
1.
Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.
Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.
Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.
Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.
Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.
Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.
Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.
After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
Sample Type
Protocol
Serum
If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma
Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant
Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates
Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates
The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates
Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk
Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.
