Description
PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
The Human PAK1/2/3 Phospho-Ser144/141/139 Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the precise measurement of phosphorylated PAK1/2/3 at serine 144/141/139 levels in cell lysates. This kit offers outstanding sensitivity and specificity, ensuring accurate and consistent results for a variety of research applications.PAK1/2/3 are key regulators of cellular processes such as cell migration, cytoskeletal organization, and cell survival. Phosphorylation at serine 144/141/139 sites is known to play a significant role in modulating PAK activity and downstream signaling pathways.
Disruption of PAK signaling has been implicated in various diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and immune disorders, highlighting the importance of studying phosphorylated PAK levels.The PAK1/2/3 Phospho-Ser144/141/139 Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit provides researchers with a valuable tool for studying PAK signaling pathways and investigating potential therapeutic targets for various disease conditions. Trust in the reliability and precision of this ELISA kit for accurate quantification of phosphorylated PAK1/2/3 levels in your research samples.
| Product Name: | PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | CBCAB01309 |
| ELISA Type: | Cell-Based |
| Target: | PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139) |
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Dynamic Range: | > 5000 Cells |
| Detection Method: | Colorimetric 450 nm |
| Format: | 2 x 96-Well Microplates |
The PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect PAK1/2/3 protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated PAK1/2/3 in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on PAK1/2/3 phosphorylation.
Qualitative determination of PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139) is captured by PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139)-specific primary (1ø) antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary (2ø) antibodies bind the Fc region of the 1ø antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the 2ø antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:
| 1. | A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values. |
| 2. | Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted. |
| Database Information: | Gene ID: 5058/5062/5063, UniProt ID: Q13153/Q13177/O75914, OMIM: 602590/605022/300142/300558, Unigene: Hs.435714/Hs.518530/Hs.656789 |
| Gene Symbol: | PAK1/PAK2/PAK3 |
| Sub Type: | Phospho |
| UniProt Protein Function: | PAK1: a protein kinase of the STE20 family that regulates cell motility and morphology. Critical RhoGTPase effector that regulates cytoskeleton reorganization, the JNK MAPK pathway, and nuclear signaling. Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the PBD of PAK1 causes autophosphorylation and conformational change. Phosphorylated and activated by PDK. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase, STE; STE group; STE20 family; PAKA subfamily Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q13-q14 Cellular Component: axon; cytoplasm; cytosol; dendrite; filamentous actin; focal adhesion; Golgi apparatus; growth cone; intercellular junction; nuclear membrane; plasma membrane; protein complex; ruffle; Z disc Molecular Function:ATP binding; collagen binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein kinase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; Rac GTPase binding Biological Process: actin cytoskeleton reorganization; activation of protein kinase activity; amygdala development; apoptosis; axon guidance; branching morphogenesis of a tube; cell migration; cellular response to insulin stimulus; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; exocytosis; innate immune response; MAPKKK cascade; neurite morphogenesis; neuromuscular junction development; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of JNK activity; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of stress fiber formation; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; receptor clustering; regulation of apoptosis; regulation of gene expression; regulation of mitotic cell cycle; response to hypoxia; Rho protein signal transduction; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway; stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway; T cell costimulation; T cell receptor signaling pathway; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; wound healing |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010] |
| UniProt Code: | Q13153 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 90111767 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 5058 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q13153.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | Q13153,O75561, Q13567, Q32M53, Q32M54, Q86W79, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q13153 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| NCBI Full Name: | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | PAK1 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | PAKalpha |
| NCBI Protein Information: | serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Alpha-PAK; p21-activated kinase 1; PAK-1; p65-PAK |
| Protein Family: | Serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | PAK1 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PAK1_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity |
| 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate | 2 plates |
| 10X TBS | 24 mL |
| Quenching Buffer | 24 mL |
| Blocking Buffer | 50 mL |
| 15X Wash Buffer | 50 mL |
| Primary Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| 100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| 100x Anti-Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| Anti-GAPDH Antibody | 60 µL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| SDS Solution | 12 mL |
| Stop Solution | 24 mL |
| Ready-to-Use Substrate | 12 mL |
| Crystal Violet Solution | 12 mL |
| Adhesive Plate Seals | 2 seals |
The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
- Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
- Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
- 37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
- Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
- Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
- Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
- Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
- Orbital shaker (optional)
- Deionized or sterile water
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
| Step | Procedure |
| 1. | Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37 °C prior to adding cells. |
| 2. | Incubate the cells for overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. |
| 3. | Treat the cells as desired. |
| 4. | Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice. |
| 5. | Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells. |
| 6. | Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4 °C for a week. |
| 7. | Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. |
| 8. | Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 9. | Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature. |
| 10. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 11. | Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-PAK1/2/3 (Phospho-Ser144/141/139) Antibody, Anti-PAK1/2/3 Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4 °C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. |
| 12. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 13. | Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature. |
| 14. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 15. | Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark. |
| 16. | Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader. |
(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)
