Description
Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit
The Paxillin Phospho-Tyr31 Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit from Assay Genie is a powerful tool for the accurate measurement of phosphorylated Paxillin levels in cell samples. Paxillin phosphorylation at tyrosine 31 is a crucial signaling event involved in cell adhesion, migration, and cytoskeletal reorganization.This ELISA kit offers high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for accurate and reproducible results. It is suitable for use with a variety of cell types and sample sources, including cell lysates, culture supernatants, and tissue homogenates.
By measuring levels of phosphorylated Paxillin, researchers can gain valuable insights into cell signaling pathways, cell migration, and cancer progression. This kit is an essential tool for studying the role of Paxillin phosphorylation in various cellular processes and disease states, making it a valuable resource for research labs and biotechnology companies alike.
| Product Name: | Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31)Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit |
| Product Code: | CBCAB01595 |
| ELISA Type: | Cell-Based |
| Target: | Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31) |
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Dynamic Range: | > 5000 Cells |
| Detection Method: | Colorimetric 450 nm |
| Format: | 2 x 96-Well Microplates |
The Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect Paxillin protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated Paxillin in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on Paxillin phosphorylation.
Qualitative determination of Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31) is captured by Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31)-specific primary (1ø) antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary (2ø) antibodies bind the Fc region of the 1ø antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the 2ø antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:
| 1. | A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values. |
| 2. | Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted. |
| Database Information: | Gene ID: 5829, UniProt ID: P49023, OMIM: 602505, Unigene: Hs.446336 |
| Gene Symbol: | PXN |
| Sub Type: | Phospho |
| UniProt Protein Function: | PXN: a multi-domain cytoskeletal protein involved in actin-membrane attachment that localizes primarily to focal adhesion sites to the extracellular matrix. Phosphorylated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and is a component of integrin signaling. Its phosphorylation provides docking sites for recruitment of signaling molecules to focal adhesions. Binds in vitro to vinculin as well as to the SH3 domain of c-SRC and, when tyrosine phosphorylated, to the Crk SH2 domain. Interacts with GIT1, NUDT16L1/SDOS, PARVA and TGFB1I1. Component of cytoplasmic complexes, which also contain GIT1, ARHGEF6 and PAK1. Binds DDEF2. Interacts with unphosphorylated ITGA4. Interacts with RNF5.Three alternatively-spliced isoforms have been described. Isoform beta binds to focal adhesion kinase but weakly to vinculin. Isoform gamma binds to vinculin but only weakly to focal adhesion kinase. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Adaptor/scaffold; Cytoskeletal; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Cell adhesion Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q24.31 Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; microtubule associated complex; focal adhesion; lamellipodium; cytoplasm; stress fiber; plasma membrane; cell cortex; cytosol Molecular Function:integrin binding; protein binding; zinc ion binding; beta-catenin binding; BH4 domain binding; protein kinase binding; vinculin binding Biological Process: integrin-mediated signaling pathway; lamellipodium biogenesis; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; focal adhesion formation; regulation of cell shape; peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; branching morphogenesis of a tube; muscle contraction; activation of MAPK activity; transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; signal complex assembly; cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; cell adhesion |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein involved in actin-membrane attachment at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesion). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. These isoforms exhibit different expression pattern, and have different biochemical, as well as physiological properties (PMID:9054445). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011] |
| UniProt Code: | P49023 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 317373486 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 5829 |
| NCBI Accession: | P49023.3 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P49023,O14970, O14971, O60360, Q5HYA4, B2RAI3, B7ZMB4 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P49023 |
| Molecular Weight: | 68kDa |
| NCBI Full Name: | Paxillin |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | paxillin |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | PXN |
| NCBI Protein Information: | paxillin |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Paxillin |
| Protein Family: | Paxillin |
| UniProt Gene Name: | PXN |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PAXI_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity |
| 96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate | 2 plates |
| 10X TBS | 24 mL |
| Quenching Buffer | 24 mL |
| Blocking Buffer | 50 mL |
| 15X Wash Buffer | 50 mL |
| Primary Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| 100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| 100x Anti-Target Antibody | 60 µL |
| Anti-GAPDH Antibody | 60 µL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody | 12 mL |
| SDS Solution | 12 mL |
| Stop Solution | 24 mL |
| Ready-to-Use Substrate | 12 mL |
| Crystal Violet Solution | 12 mL |
| Adhesive Plate Seals | 2 seals |
The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
- Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
- Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
- 37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
- Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
- Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
- Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
- Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
- Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
- Orbital shaker (optional)
- Deionized or sterile water
*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
| Step | Procedure |
| 1. | Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37 °C prior to adding cells. |
| 2. | Incubate the cells for overnight at 37 °C, 5% CO2. |
| 3. | Treat the cells as desired. |
| 4. | Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice. |
| 5. | Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells. |
| 6. | Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4 °C for a week. |
| 7. | Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. |
| 8. | Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 9. | Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature. |
| 10. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 11. | Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-Paxillin (Phospho-Tyr31) Antibody, Anti-Paxillin Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4 °C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. |
| 12. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 13. | Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature. |
| 14. | Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time. |
| 15. | Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark. |
| 16. | Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader. |
(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)
