Product Name:	Rat Podocalyxin (Podxl) ELISA Kit
SKU:	RTEB0444
Size:	96T
Target:	Rat Podocalyxin (Podxl)
Synonyms:	Podocalyxin-like protein 1, PC, Pclp1
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Rat
Detection Range:	78-5000 pg/mL
Sensitivity:	36 pg/mL

Intra CV:	Provided with the Kit
Inter CV:	Provided with the Kit
Linearity:	Provided with the Kit
Recovery:	Provided with the Kit
Function:	Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Function as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell-cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin-dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. Plays a role in cancer development and aggressiveness by inducing cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the actin-binding protein EZR. Affects EZR-dependent signaling events, leading to increased activities of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in cancer cells.

Uniprot:	Q9WTQ2
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant rat Podocalyxin
Sub Unit:	Monomer; when associated with the membrane raft. Oligomer; when integrated in the apical membrane. Interacts with SLC9A3R2. Interacts (via the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif DTHL) with SLC9A3R1 (via the PDZ domains); the interaction take place early in the secretory pathway and is necessary for its apical membrane sorting (By similarity). Found in a complex with EZR, PODXL and SLC9A3R2. Associates with the actin cytoskeleton through complex formation with EZR and SLC9A3R2. Interacts (via the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif DTHL) with SLC9A3R1 (via the PDZ domains); interaction is not detected in glomerular epithelium cells. Interacts (via the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif DTHL) with SLC9A3R2 (via the PDZ 1 domain); interaction is detected in glomerular epithelium cells. Interacts with EZR.
Research Area:	Cancer
Subcellular Location:	Apical cell membrane Cell projection Microvillus Membrane raft Cell projection Lamellipodium Cell projection Filopodium Cell projection Ruffle Membrane Single-pass type I membrane protein In single attached epithelial cells is restricted to a preapical pole on the free plasma membrane whereas other apical and basolateral proteins are not yet polarized. Colocalizes with SLC9A3R2 at the apical plasma membrane during epithelial polarization. Colocalizes with SLC9A3R1 at the trans-Golgi network (transiently) and at the apical plasma membrane. Its association with the membrane raft is transient. Forms granular, punctuated pattern, forming patches, preferentially adopting a polar distribution, located on the migrating poles of the cell or forming clusters along the terminal ends of filipodia establishing contact with the endothelial cells. Colocalizes with the submembrane actin of lamellipodia, particularly associated with ruffles. Colocalizes with vinculin at protrusions of cells. Colocalizes with ITGB1. Colocalizes with actin filaments, EZR and SLC9A3R1 in a punctate pattern at the apical cell surface where microvilli form (By similarity). Colocalizes with EZR and SLC9A3R2 at the apical cell membrane of glomerular epithelium cells. Colocalizes with PARD3, PRKCI, EXOC5, OCLN, RAB11A and RAB8A in apical membrane initiation sites (AMIS) during the generation of apical surface and luminogenesis (By similarity).
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	PODXL: Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Function as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell- cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin-dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up inital epithelial polarization and the apical lumen formation during renal tubulogenesis. Plays a role in cancer development and aggressiveness by inducing cell migration and invasion through its interaction with the actin-binding protein EZR. Affects EZR- dependent signaling events, leading to increased activities of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in cancer cells. Belongs to the podocalyxin family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Membrane protein, integral; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis Cellular Component: apical plasma membrane; cell projection; cytoplasm; extracellular space; filopodium; integral to membrane; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; lamellipodium; lipid raft; microvillus membrane; plasma membrane; ruffle Molecular Function:protein binding Biological Process: cell adhesion; cell migration; glomerular filtration; leukocyte migration; negative regulation of cell adhesion; negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin; regulation of cell-cell adhesion; regulation of microvillus biogenesis
NCBI Summary:	inhibits cell-cell adhesion; may play a role in maintaining filtration in the glomerular epithelium [RGD, Feb 2006]
UniProt Code:	Q9WTQ2
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	20301990
NCBI Gene ID:	192181
NCBI Accession:	NP_620203.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q9WTQ2,Q6IRK7, Q9R068,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q9WTQ2
Molecular Weight:	51,658 Da
NCBI Full Name:	podocalyxin
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	podocalyxin-like
NCBI Official Symbol:	Podxl
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PC; PCLP-1; podocalyxin
NCBI Protein Information:	podocalyxin
UniProt Protein Name:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Podocalyxin-like protein 1; PC; PCLP-1
Protein Family:	Podocalyxin
UniProt Gene Name:	Podxl
UniProt Entry Name:	PODXL_RAT

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.