Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a type of cytokine that plays an important part in the implantation and growth of embryos. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. GM-CSF controls the pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells, and the large populations of leukocytes that control maternal immune tolerance. GM-CSF promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells to neutrophils and monocytes, which reduces the incidence of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF has been found to convert myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) into T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responders. The protein's active form is found outside of the cell as a homodimer and the gene that is responsible for it is located in a 5q31 region linked to 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Based on the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF activates Th1 biased immunity, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the formation of autoimmune diseases, therefore making it a potential therapeutic target. G-CSF has been used in the treatment of a variety of disease states in clinical practice. GM-CSF has also been used in the treatment of malignancies as a single therapy, as well as an immunostimulant. While the advantages of GM-CSF in this category have been promising, recent discoveries suggest the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, as a result, decrease cancer treatment success. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility. Human GM-CSF/CSF2 Recombinant Protein is a highly pure recombinant protein developed by Assay Genie for use in a range of applications.
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells.The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.1-0.6 ng/ml.
Endotoxin:
<1.0 EU per µg as determined by the LAL method.
Protein Construction:
A DNA sequence encoding human GMCSF (NP_000749.2) (Met1-Glu144) was expressed.
Purity:
> 90 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Mol Mass:
14.5 kDa
AP Mol Mass:
23.8 kDa
Formulation:
Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.1. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Specific concentrations are included in the hardcopy of COA.2. Please contact us for any concerns or special requirements.Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hard copy of CoA.
Shipping:
This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.
Stability and Storage:
Lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80°C. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20°C for 3 months.
