Anti-Human CD68 In Vivo Antibody

Product Name:	Anti-Human CD68 In Vivo Antibody - Low Endotoxin
Product Code:	IVMB0252
Size:	1 mg, 5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Clone:	KP1
Product Type:	Monoclonal Antibody
Isotype:	IgG1 k
Reactivity:	Human
Applications:	B, Dot, EM, FC, ICC, ICFC, IHC, IHC FFPE, In Vivo, IP, WB
Formulation:	This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
Endotoxin Level:	< 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Purity:	≥95% monomer by analytical SEC ⋅ >95% by SDS Page
Product Preparation:	Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.

Applications:	B, Dot, EM, FC, ICC, ICFC, IHC, IHC FFPE, In Vivo, IP, WB
Reactivity:	Human

Host Species:	Mouse
Specificity:	Anti-CD68 antibody (clone KP1) activity is directed against human CD68.
Antigen Distribution:	CD68 is found in the cytoplasm of monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophil primary and mast cell granules, large granular lymphocytes, basophils, basal epithelial cell layers, renal glomeruli, myeloid cells, endothelial cells, retinal epithelial cells, osteoblasts, fibroblast-like cells from bone marrow, and a wide-range of lymphoid neoplasms. CD68 is predominantly located in lysosomal membranes, with a small amount on the cell surface. Additionally, CD68 can be expressed in most hematopoietic cell lines by phorbol-induced differentiation; soluble CD68 can also be found in serum and urine.
Concentration:	≥ 5.0 mg/ml
Endotoxin Level:	< 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Formulation:	This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
Purity:	≥95% monomer by analytical SEC ⋅ >95% by SDS Page
Preparation:	Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.
Storage and Handling:	Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.

CD68 is a heavily glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family and may play a role in endocytosis or lysosomal traffic and phagocytic activities1. CD68 localizes to endosome- or lysosome-like structures2. Additionally, LAMPS have been implicated in tumor cell metastasis and are over-expressed on the surface of metastatic compared with nonmetastatic cell lines3.

KP1 was originally used as a pan-monocytic/macrophage marker against CD68; however, CD68 is not a macrophage specific antigen and KP1 is known to stain neutrophils and other non-macrophage-like cells4,5,6,7,8. KP1 reacts against CD68 in a wide range of healthy4 and disease-associated (rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis)5 tissues as well as a variety of neoplasms9, tumor cell lines7, and tumor-associated macrophages 8. KP1 detects a fixation-resistant epitope10 that is likely glycan-based1,9 which is shared by many cell types7.

KP1 was developed by immunizing Balb/c mice against a lysosomal fraction of human lung 10. Hybridoma supernatants derived from spleen cells were screened on cryostat human lung and tonsil sections as well as paraffin wax sections of lung tissue fixed in formol saline.

Research Area:	Immunology
NCBI Gene Bank ID:	968