Product Name:	Human PKD2 / Polycystin 2 ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI01404
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	PKD2, Polycystin-2, Polycystwin, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type II protein, Polycystic kidney disease 2 protein
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human PKD2 concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	0.188ng/ml
Range:	0.313-20ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human PKD2 and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human PKD2 in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	93-102	97
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-105	98
UFH plasma(n=5)	86-104	94

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human PKD2 and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	88-105%	90-99%	86-101%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	84-101%	93-100%	82-93%
UFH plasma(n=5)	81-89%	82-93%	86-95%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

Uniprot

Q13563

UniProt Protein Function:	PKD2: Involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium. PKD1 and PKD2 may function through a common signaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis. Acts as a regulator of cilium length, together with PKD1. The dynamic control of cilium length is essential in the regulation of mechanotransductive signaling. The cilium length response creates a negative feedback loop whereby fluid shear-mediated deflection of the primary cilium, which decreases intracellular cAMP, leads to cilium shortening and thus decreases flow-induced signaling. Functions as a calcium permeable cation channel. Defects in PKD2 are the cause of polycystic kidney disease autosomal dominant type 2 (ADPKD2). ADPKD2 is a disorder characterized by progressive formation and enlargement of cysts in both kidneys, typically leading to end-stage renal disease in adult life. Cysts also occurs in the liver and other organs. It represents approximately 15% of the cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. ADPKD2 is clinically milder than ADPKD1 but it has a deleterious impact on overall life expectancy. Belongs to the polycystin family. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Membrane protein, integral; Channel, cation; Membrane protein, multi-pass Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q22.1 Cellular Component: filamentous actin; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; nonmotile primary cilium; endoplasmic reticulum; integral to plasma membrane; lamellipodium; cytoplasm; basal plasma membrane; plasma membrane; motile primary cilium; intercellular junction; basal cortex; cilium Molecular Function:voltage-gated cation channel activity; actinin binding; identical protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; phosphoprotein binding; voltage-gated ion channel activity; calcium ion binding; muscle alpha-actinin binding; ATPase binding; calcium-induced calcium release activity; voltage-gated calcium channel activity; protein binding; potassium channel activity; voltage-gated sodium channel activity; cytoskeletal protein binding; HLH domain binding; receptor binding Biological Process: neural tube development; positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity; embryonic placenta development; cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; regulation of cAMP metabolic process; heart development; detection of mechanical stimulus; JAK-STAT cascade; liver development; G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of cell proliferation; ureteric bud branching; spinal cord development; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; calcium ion transport; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; heart looping; cell cycle arrest; determination of left/right symmetry; centrosome duplication Disease: Polycystic Kidney Disease 2
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a calcium permeable cation channel, and is involved in calcium transport and calcium signaling in renal epithelial cells. This protein interacts with polycystin 1, and they may be partners in a common signaling cascade involved in tubular morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]
UniProt Code:	Q13563
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	116242717
NCBI Gene ID:	5311
NCBI Accession:	Q13563.3
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q13563,O60441, Q15764, Q2M1Q3, Q2M1Q5,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q13563
Molecular Weight:	968
NCBI Full Name:	Polycystin-2
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	polycystic kidney disease 2 (autosomal dominant)
NCBI Official Symbol:	PKD2
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	PC2; PKD4; Pc-2; APKD2; TRPP2
NCBI Protein Information:	polycystin-2; R48321; polycystwin; autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type II protein; transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily P, member 2
UniProt Protein Name:	Polycystin-2
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type II protein; Polycystic kidney disease 2 protein; Polycystwin; R48321
Protein Family:	Polycystin
UniProt Gene Name:	PKD2
UniProt Entry Name:	PKD2_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37°C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37°C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 Âµl of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37°C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 Âµl of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

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Human PKD2 / Polycystin 2 ELISA Kit

Description