Product Name:	Human S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) ELISA Kit
SKU:	HUEB2716
Size:	96T
Target:	Human S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)
Synonyms:	Cyclin-A/CDK2-associated protein p45, F-box protein Skp2, F-box/LRR-repeat protein 1, p45skp2, FBXL1
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Detection Method:	ELISA
Reactivity:	Human
Detection Range:	0.156-10ng/mL
Sensitivity:	0.089ng/mL

Intra CV:

4.3%

Inter CV:

8.5%

Linearity:

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum(N=5)	98-108%	99-108%	88-98%	100-112%
EDTA Plasma(N=5)	89-99%	102-113%	107-116%	97-107%
Heparin Plasma(N=5)	108-117%	80-93%	89-98%	95-105%

Recovery:

Sample Type	Average(%)	Recovery Range(%)
Serum	107	101-113
Plasma	109	103-115

Function:

Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated CDKN1B/p27kip and is involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Degradation of CDKN1B/p27kip also requires CKS1. Recognizes target proteins ORC1, CDT1, RBL2, KMT2A/MLL1, CDK9, RAG2, FOXO1, UBP43, and probably MYC, TOB1 and TAL1. Degradation of TAL1 also requires STUB1. Recognizes CDKN1A in association with CCNE1 or CCNE2 and CDK2. Promotes ubiquitination and destruction of CDH1 in a CK1-Dependent Manner, thereby regulating cell migration.

Uniprot:	Q13309
Sample Type:	Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:	Natural and recombinant human S-phase kinase-associated protein 2
Sub Unit:	Part of a SCF(SKP2) complex consisting of CUL1, RBX1, SKP1 and SKP2. Component of a SCF(SKP2)-like complex containing CUL1, SKP1, TRIM21 and SKP2. Interacts directly with CUL1 and SKP1. Interacts with CKS1. Interacts with the cyclin-A-CDK2 complex. Interacts with ORC1, phosphorylated CDT1, phosphorylated RBL2, ELF4, phosphorylated RAG2, FOXO1, UBP43, MYC, TOB1, TAL1 and KMT2A/MLL1. Interacts with TRIM21.
Research Area:	Cancer
Subcellular Location:	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Storage:	Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:	For research use only

UniProt Protein Function:	SKP2: an F-box protein of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F- box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase system. The F-box component of the SCF complex is responsible for recognizing different substrates for ubiquitination. The SCF E3 complex mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated CDKN1B/p27kip and is involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Degradation of CDKN1B/p27kip also requires CKS1. Three alternatively-spliced isoforms have been described.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Ubiquitin conjugating system; Cell cycle regulation Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5p13 Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; cytoplasm; nucleolus; SCF ubiquitin ligase complex; nucleus; cytosol Molecular Function:identical protein binding; protein binding; ubiquitin-protein ligase activity Biological Process: regulation of apoptosis; cell proliferation; protein polyubiquitination; regulation of cell cycle; anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway; mitotic cell cycle; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbls class; in addition to an F-box, this protein contains 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats. This protein is an essential element of the cyclin A-CDK2 S-phase kinase. It specifically recognizes phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B, also referred to as p27 or KIP1) predominantly in S phase and interacts with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1 or p19). In addition, this gene is established as a protooncogene causally involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Alternative splicing of this gene generates three transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]
UniProt Code:	Q13309
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	37537922
NCBI Gene ID:	6502
NCBI Accession:	Q13309.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q13309,Q8TDZ0, Q8TDZ1, Q9BV69, A8K5E0, B4DJT4,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q13309
Molecular Weight:	23,763 Da
NCBI Full Name:	S-phase kinase-associated protein 2
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
NCBI Official Symbol:	SKP2
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	p45; FBL1; FLB1; FBXL1
NCBI Protein Information:	S-phase kinase-associated protein 2; p45skp2; F-box/LRR-repeat protein 1; CDK2/cyclin A-associated protein p45; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45)
UniProt Protein Name:	S-phase kinase-associated protein 2
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Cyclin-A/CDK2-associated protein p45; F-box protein Skp2; F-box/LRR-repeat protein 1; p45skp2
Protein Family:	S-phase kinase-associated protein
UniProt Gene Name:	SKP2
UniProt Entry Name:	SKP2_HUMAN

Component	Quantity (96 Assays)	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	-20°C
Lyophilized Standard	2	-20°C
Sample Diluent	20ml	-20°C
Assay Diluent A	10mL	-20°C
Assay Diluent B	10mL	-20°C
Detection Reagent A	120µL	-20°C
Detection Reagent B	120µL	-20°C
Wash Buffer	30mL	4°C
Substrate	10mL	4°C
Stop Solution	10mL	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.

Step
1.	Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.	Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.	Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.	Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.	Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.	Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.	Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.	Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.	After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.