Product Name:	Human TMEM173 (Transmembrane protein 173) ELISA Kit
Product Code:	HUFI06071
Size:	96 Assays
Alias:	hMITA ELISA Kit, hSTING ELISA Kit, Mediator of IRF3 activation ELISA Kit, MITA ELISA Kit, MPYS ELISA Kit, NET23 ELISA Kit, STING ELISA Kit, TMEM173 ELISA Kit, transmembrane protein 173 ELISA Kit
Detection method:	Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody
Application:	This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of Human TMEM173 (Transmembrane protein 173) concentrations in serum plasma and other biological fluids.
Sensitivity:	< 0.094ng/ml
Range:	0.156-10ng/ml
Storage:	4°C for 6 months
Note:	For Research Use Only

Recovery:

Matrices listed below were spiked with certain level of Human TMEM173 (Transmembrane protein 173) and the recovery rates were calculated by comparing the measured value to the expected amount of Human TMEM173 (Transmembrane protein 173) in samples.

Matrix	Recovery range(%)	Average(%)
serum(n=5)	89-104	95
EDTA plasma(n=5)	85-105	92
heparin plasma(n=5)	86-101	92

Linearity:

The linearity of the kit was assayed by testing samples spiked with appropriate concentration of Human TMEM173 (Transmembrane protein 173) and their serial dilutions. The results were demonstrated by the percentage of calculated concentration to the expected.

Sample	1:2	1:4	1:8
serum(n=5)	87-98%	85-105%	85-102%
EDTA plasma(n=5)	89-101%	87-98%	83-95%
UFH plasma(n=5)	80-93%	84-97%	81-99%

CV(%):

Intra-Assay: CV<8%
Inter-Assay: CV<10%

Component	Quantity	Storage
ELISA Microplate (Dismountable)	8×12 strips	4°C for 6 months
Lyophilized Standard	2	4°C/-20°C
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer	20ml	4°C
Biotin-labeled Antibody(Concentrated)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
Antibody Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate(SABC)	120ul	4°C (Protect from light)
SABC Dilution Buffer	10ml	4°C
TMB Substrate	10ml	4°C (Protect from light)
Stop Solution	10ml	4°C
Wash Buffer(25X)	30ml	4°C
Plate Sealer	5	-

Other materials and equipment required:

Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir

UniProt Protein Function:	TMEM173: Facilitator of innate immune signaling that promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti- viral state following expression. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Associates with the MHC-II complex. Homodimer; 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination at Lys-150 is required for homodimerization. Interacts with DDX58/RIG-I, MAVS/VISA and SSR2. Interacts with RNF5 and TRIM56. Interacts with TBK1; when homodimer, leading to subsequent production of IFN-beta. Ubiquitously expressed. Belongs to the TMEM173 family.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Mitochondrial; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Apoptosis; Membrane protein, integral; Endoplasmic reticulum Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q31.2 Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; mitochondrial outer membrane; cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane; integral to membrane; peroxisome Molecular Function:identical protein binding; protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; transcription factor binding; protein kinase binding Biological Process: regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of protein binding; positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation; apoptosis; positive regulation of interferon type I production; positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus; innate immune response; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; activation of innate immune response; defense response to virus; interferon-beta production Disease: Sting-associated Vasculopathy, Infantile-onset
NCBI Summary:	This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
UniProt Code:	Q86WV6
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	74727720
NCBI Gene ID:	340061
NCBI Accession:	Q86WV6.1
UniProt Secondary Accession:	Q86WV6,A8K3P6, B6EB35, D6RBX0, D6RE01, D6RID9,
UniProt Related Accession:	Q86WV6
Molecular Weight:	Observed MW: 39kDa; Calculated MW 42kDa
NCBI Full Name:	Stimulator of interferon genes protein
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	transmembrane protein 173
NCBI Official Symbol:	TMEM173
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	ERIS; MITA; MPYS; SAVI; NET23; STING; hMITA; hSTING
NCBI Protein Information:	stimulator of interferon genes protein; endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator; mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation; endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; N-terminal methionine-proline-tyrosine-serine plasma membrane tetraspanner
UniProt Protein Name:	Stimulator of interferon genes protein
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; ERIS; Mediator of IRF3 activation; hMITA; Transmembrane protein 173
Protein Family:	Stimulator of interferon genes protein
UniProt Gene Name:	TMEM173
UniProt Entry Name:	STING_HUMAN

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Before adding to wells, equilibrate the SABC working solution and TMB substrate for at least 30 min at 37 °C. When diluting samples and reagents, they must be mixed completely and evenly. It is recommended to plot a standard curve for each test.

Step	Protocol
1.	Set standard, test sample and control (zero) wells on the pre-coated plate respectively, and then, record their positions. It is recommended to measure each standard and sample in duplicate. Wash plate 2 times before adding standard, sample and control (zero) wells!
2.	Aliquot 0.1ml standard solutions into the standard wells.
3.	Add 0.1 ml of Sample / Standard dilution buffer into the control (zero) well.
4.	Add 0.1 ml of properly diluted sample ( Human serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.) into test sample wells.
5.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 90 min.
6.	Remove the cover and discard the plate content, clap the plate on the absorbent filter papers or other absorbent material. Do NOT let the wells completely dry at any time. Wash plate X2.
7.	Add 0.1 ml of Biotin- detection antibody working solution into the above wells (standard, test sample & zero wells). Add the solution at the bottom of each well without touching the side wall.
8.	Seal the plate with a cover and incubate at 37 °C for 60 min.
9.	Remove the cover, and wash plate 3 times with Wash buffer. Let wash buffer rest in wells for 1 min between each wash.
10.	Add 0.1 ml of SABC working solution into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37 °C for 30 min.
11.	Remove the cover and wash plate 5 times with Wash buffer, and each time let the wash buffer stay in the wells for 1-2 min.
12.	Add 90 µL of TMB substrate into each well, cover the plate and incubate at 37 °C in dark within 10-20 min. (Note: This incubation time is for reference use only, the optimal time should be determined by end user.) And the shades of blue can be seen in the first 3-4 wells (with most concentrated standard solutions), the other wells show no obvious color.
13.	Add 50 µL of Stop solution into each well and mix thoroughly. The color changes into yellow immediately.
14.	Read the O.D. absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader immediately after adding the stop solution.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid	Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant	Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates	Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates	The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates	Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk	Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.

Antibodies

Anti-STING / TMEM173 Antibody (CAB3262)

Anti-STING / TMEM173 Antibody (CAB3575)

TMEM173 Antibody (PACO02163)

TMEM173 Antibody (PACO12798)

TMEM173 Antibody (PACO52006)