Product Name:	Human TMEM48 (Transmembrane protein 48) ELISA Kit
SKU:	AEKE02703
Size:	96 Assays
Reactivity:	Human
Synonyms:	hNDC1, NDC1 transmembrane nucleoporin, NET3, Nuclear division cycle 1 homolog, TMEM48, Transmembrane protein 48
Assay Type:	Sandwich
Sensitivity:	11.5 pg/mL
Range:	31.25-2000 pg/mL
Standard:	2000 pg/mL
Assay Length:	3.5h
Sample Type:	Serum, Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, Cell Lysates, Cell Culture Supernates and Other Biological Fluids

Kit Components:

Component	Quantity		Storage
	48T	96T
Pre-Coated Microplate	6stripsx 8wells	12stripsx 8wells	4 -20
Standard(Lyophilized)	1vial	2vials	4 -20°C/ °C
Biotinylated Antibody(100×)	60μL	120μL	4 -20°C/ °C
Streptavidin-HRP(100×)	60μL	120μL	4 -20°C/ °C
Standard/Sample Diluent Buffer	10m L	20m L	4°°CC//-20°°CC
Biotinylated Antibody Diluent	6m L	12m L	4°C/-20°C
HRP Diluent	6m L	12m L	4°C/-20°C
Wash Buffer(25×)	10m L	20m L	4°C/-20°C
TMB Substrate Solution	6m L	10m L	4 -20 (storeindark)
Stop Reagent	3m L	6m L	4°C/-20°C°C/ °C
Plate Covers	1piece	2pieces	RT

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human TMEM48. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human TMEM48. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human TMEM48, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human TMEM48 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Standard Curve:

Concentration (pg/mL)	OD	Corrected OD
2000.00	2.075	1.990
1000.00	1.562	1.477
500.00	1.198	1.113
250.00	0.872	0.787
125.00	0.518	0.433
62.50	0.319	0.234
31.25	0.235	0.150
0.00	0.085	0.000

Linearity:

Matrix	1:2	1:4	1:8	1:16
Serum (n=5)	86-96%	93-104%	89-97%	85-94%
EDTA Plasma (n=5)	89-96%	90-99%	95-106%	87-101%
Heparin Plasma (n=5)	93-106%	82-95%	85-96%	90-98%

Recovery:

Matrix	Recovery Range	Average
Serum (n=5)	83-99%	95%
EDTA Plasma (n=5)	85-97%	91%
Heparin Plasma (n=5)	85-97%	91%

Precision:

Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay)：CV%<8%
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess intra-assay precision.
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays)：CV%<10%
Three samples of known concentration were tested in forty separate assays to assess inter-assay precision.

*Note:The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Step	Protocol
1.	After the kit is equilibrated at room temperature, add 100 μL of Standard Working Buffer (gradually diluted according to the instructions) or 100 μL of sample to each well, and incubate at 37°C for 80 minutes.
2.	Discard the liquid in the plate, add 200 μL 1× Wash Buffer to each well, and wash the plate 3 times. After pat it dry against clean absorbent paper, add 100 μL Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution (1×) to each well, incubate at 37°C for 50 minutes.
3.	Discard the liquid in the plate, add 200 μL 1× Wash Buffer to each well, and wash the plate 3 times. After pat it dry against clean absorbent paper, add 100 μL 1× Streptavidin-HRP Working Solution to each well, incubate at 37°C for 50 minutes.
4.	Discard the liquid in the plate, add 200 μL 1× Wash Buffer to each well, and wash the plate 5 times. After pat it dry against clean absorbent paper, add 90 μL TMB Substrate Solution to each well, incubate at 37°C for 20 minutes in the dark.
5.	Add 50 μL Stop Solution to each well, shake plate on a plate shaker for 1 minute to mix. Record the OD at 450 nm immediately, calculation of the results.

When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.

Sample Type	Protocol
Serum	Samples should be collected into a serum separator tube. After clotting for 2 hours at room temperature or overnight at 4°C, and then centrifuging at 1000 × g for 20 minutes. Assay freshly prepared serum immediately or store samples in aliquot at -20°C or -80°C for later use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma	Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 1000 × g and 2-8°C for 15 minutes within 30 minutes of collection. Remove plasma and assay immediately or store samples in aliquot at -20°C or -80°C for later use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Tissue homogenates	1. Rinse the tissues in pre-cooled PBS to completely remove excess blood, and weigh them before homogenization. 2. Mince the tissues and homogenize in fresh lysis buffer (PBS for most tissues). Use a glass homogenizer on ice. 3. Ultrasound the suspension until the solution is clear. 4. Centrifuge for 5 minutes at 10000 × g, collect the supernatant and assay immediately or store at ≤ -20°C.
Cell lysates	1. Wash adherent cells with PBS, detach with trypsin, and centrifuge at 1000 × g for 5 minutes. 2. Wash cells 3 times in PBS. 3. Resuspend cells in fresh lysis buffer at 10⁷ cells/mL. Ultrasound if necessary. 4. Centrifuge at 1500 × g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C to remove debris. Assay immediately or store at ≤ -20°C.
Urine	Collect mid-stream first urine of the day directly into a sterile container. Centrifuge to remove particulate matter. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Saliva	Collect saliva using a collection device. Centrifuge at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C. Remove particulates and assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Feces	Dry feces weighing more than 50 mg were collected. Wash with PBS (w:v = 1:9). Sonicate and centrifuge at 5000 × g for 10 minutes. Collect the supernatant and assay immediately.
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)	Remove particulates by centrifugation. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Cell culture supernatant	Centrifuge samples at 1000 × g for 20 minutes. Collect the supernatant and assay immediately or store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.