The Mouse Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase TAOK2 ELISA Kit is specifically designed for the precise and accurate measurement of TAOK2 levels in mouse serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. This kit provides outstanding sensitivity and specificity, ensuring dependable and consistent results for various research purposes.TAOK2 is a key protein kinase involved in cellular signaling pathways, regulating processes such as cell growth, division, and differentiation.
Dysregulation of TAOK2 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune-related conditions. Therefore, this ELISA kit serves as a valuable tool for investigating TAOK2's role in disease development and progression, as well as for potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in different processes such as membrane blebbing and apoptotic bodies formation DNA damage response and MAPK14/p38 MAPK stress-activated MAPK cascade. Phosphorylates itself, MBP, activated MAPK8, MAP2K3, MAP2K6 and tubulins. Activates the MAPK14/p38 MAPK signaling pathway through the specific activation and phosphorylation of the upstream MAP2K3 and MAP2K6 kinases. In response to DNA damage, involved in the G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint by activating the p38/MAPK14 stress-activated MAPK cascade, probably by mediating phosphorylation of upstream MAP2K3 and MAP2K6 kinases. May affect microtubule organization and stability. May play a role in the osmotic stress-MAPK8 pathway. Prevents MAP3K7-mediated activation of CHUK, and thus NF-kappa-B activation. Isoform 2, but not isoform 1, is required for PCDH8 endocytosis. Following homophilic interactions between PCDH8 extracellular domains, isoform 2 phosphorylates and activates MAPK14/p38 MAPK which in turn phosphorylates isoform 2. This process leads to PCDH8 endocytosis and CDH2 cointernalization. Both isoforms are involved in MAPK14/p38 MAPK activation.
Uniprot:
Q6ZQ29
Sample Type:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Specificity:
Natural and recombinant mouse Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO2
Sub Unit:
Interacts with MAP2K3 and MAP2K6 (By similarity). Self-associates. Interacts with tubulins. Interacts with MAP3K7 and interfers with MAP3K7-binding to CHUK and thus prevents NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity). Isoform 2 interacts with PCDH8; this complex may also include CDH2.
Subcellular Location:
Isoform 2 Cell projection Dendrite In dendrites, colocalizes with PCDH8.
Storage:
Please see kit components below for exact storage details
Note:
For research use only
UniProt Protein Function:
TAO2: a serine/threonine-protein kinase of the STE20 family. Activates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway through the specific activation of the upstream kinases MKK3 and MKK6. A potential multi-pass membrane protein. Activated in the DNA damage response and regulates the G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint. Interacts with tubulins through the C-terminal domain. Involved in apoptotic processes such as membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. Prevents TAK1-mediated activation of IKK-alpha, and thus NF-kappa-B activation. May play a role in the osmotic stress-JNK1 pathway. An autism spectrum disorder susceptibility gene. Affects basal dendrite formation and axonal projections in cortical pyramidal neurons. Interacts with NRP1 (neuropilin 1), a receptor for the secreted guidance protein semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). Influences the formation of basal dendrites through the activation of JNK. Three isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. Isoform 2, but not isoform 1, is required for PCDH8 endocytosis. Isoform 2 and kinase-defective, as well as full-length isoform 1 are excluded from the nucleus. Catalytically active full-length phosphorylated isoform 1 localizes to microtubules in the cytoplasm predominantly on microtubule cables positioned around the nucleus. A C-terminally truncated form of isoform 1 is present in the nucleus.Protein type: Apoptosis; Kinase, protein; Protein kinase, STE; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Membrane protein, integral; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); EC 2.7.11.1; STE group; STE20 family; TAO subfamilyCellular Component: cytoplasm; cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicle; intracellular; nucleolus; nucleus; receptor complexMolecular Function: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activityBiological Process: actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; activation of MAPKK activity; focal adhesion formation; G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint; positive regulation of JNK cascade; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; regulation of cell shape; response to DNA damage stimulus; response to stress; stress-activated MAPK cascade
Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
Incubator
Deionized or distilled water
Absorbent paper
Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
Step
1.
Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C.
2.
Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform.
3.
Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper.
4.
Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C.
5.
Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3.
6.
Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction.
7.
Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
8.
Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters.
9.
After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry.
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
Sample Type
Protocol
Serum
If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Plasma
Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit.
Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid
Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid.
Cell culture supernatant
Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately.
Cell lysates
Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Tissue homogenates
The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C.
Tissue lysates
Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C.
Breast Milk
Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles.
