Anti-PDK4 Antibody (CAB3069)

Antibody Name:	Anti-PDK4 Antibody
Antibody SKU:	CAB3069
Antibody Size:	20uL, 50uL, 100uL
Application:	WB IHC IF
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Host Species:	Rabbit
Immunogen:	A synthetic peptide of human PDK4

Application:	WB IHC IF
Recommended Dilution:	WB 1:500 - 1:2000 IHC 1:50 - 1:200 IF 1:50 - 1:100
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Positive Samples:	Mouse heart, Rat heart

Immunogen:	A synthetic peptide of human PDK4
Purification Method:	Affinity purification
Storage Buffer:	Store at -20'C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles. Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Isotype:	IgG
Sequence:	Email for sequence
Gene ID:	5166
Uniprot:	Q16654
Cellular Location:	Mitochondrion matrix
Calculated MW:	46kDa
Observed MW:	46KDa

Synonyms:

PDK4

Background:

This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin.

UniProt Protein Function:	PDHK4: an ubiquitously expressed, atypical protein kinase associated with the mitochondrial matrix. The PDHKs play crucial roles in switching metabolic flux from oxidative phosphorylation towards glycolysis. PDHK4 is abundant in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Contains a HATPase_c catalytic domain, found in several ATP-binding proteins including protein histidine kinases (PHKs), PHDKs, DNA gyrase B, topoisomerases, heat shock proteins, and DNA mismatch repair proteins. PDHK regulates glucose oxidation through inhibitory phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) at any one of 3 inhibitory serine residues. Inhibitory sites 1, 2, and 3 correspond to S293, S300, and S232 in human PDHA1, respectively. Four PDHK isoenzymes have been described, each with different site specificity: all four phosphorylate sites 1 and 2 but at different rates; for site 1 PDHK2 >PDHK4 >PDHK1 >PDHK3; for site 2, PDHK3> PDHK4 > PDHK2 > PDHK1. Only PDHK1 phosphorylates site 3. PDHKs are recruited to the PDHC by binding to a lipoyl group covalently attached to the inner lipoyl domain of the E2 component. PDHA1 deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in patients with primary lactic acidosis. Suppression of PDH by PDHK inhibits the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, attenuates mitochondrial respiration, and may contribute to the increased lactate production observed in many tumors. The PDH pathway is repressed in a majority of non-small cell lung carcinomas. Inhibited by AZD7545, dichloroacetate (DCA), and radicicol. Radicicol inhibits kinase activity by binding directly to the ATP-binding pocket of PDHK, similar to HSP90 from the same ATPase/kinase superfamily.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:Kinase, protein; Mitochondrial; EC 2.7.11.2; Protein kinase, atypical; ATYPICAL group; PDHK family Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7q21.3 Cellular Component: mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial inner membrane Molecular Function:pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity; ATP binding; protein kinase activity Biological Process: response to starvation; cellular metabolic process; regulation of bone resorption; regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; regulation of fatty acid oxidation; insulin receptor signaling pathway; regulation of pH; glucose metabolic process; regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate; pyruvate metabolic process; cellular response to starvation; glucose homeostasis; protein amino acid phosphorylation
NCBI Summary:	This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
UniProt Code:	Q16654
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	3183120
NCBI Gene ID:	5166
NCBI Accession:	Q16654.1
UniProt Related Accession:	Q16654
Molecular Weight:	411
NCBI Full Name:	[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4
NCBI Official Symbol:	PDK4
NCBI Protein Information:	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4; pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4; pyruvate dehydrogenase, lipoamide, kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial; [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial
UniProt Protein Name:	[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4
UniProt Gene Name:	PDK4
UniProt Entry Name:	PDK4_HUMAN

	Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using PDK4 antibody (CAB3069) at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (CABS014) at 1:10000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020). Exposure time: 1s.
	Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat heart using PDK4 Rabbit pAb (CAB3069) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).
	Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human placenta using PDK4 Rabbit pAb (CAB3069) at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens).
	Immunofluorescence analysis of U2OS cells using PDK4 antibody (CAB3069). Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

Antibodies	ELISA Kits
Anti-PDK4 Antibody (CAB13337)	Human PDK4 / Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4 ELISA Kit
PDK4 Antibody (PACO11145)	Human PDK4(Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isozyme 4)ELISA Kit (HUES02186)

Secondary Antibody

Anti-HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Antibody (CABS014)