5667 results for 'IL-1β'

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II

Two drugs aimed at the same axis can give opposite results in the same disease. Blocking IL-23p19 is highly effective in psoriasis and works in Crohn’s disease. Blocking IL-17A directly is highly eff

The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family represents a crucial group of signaling molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Comprising 11 members, inc

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is locali

Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways:

Introduction to IL-10R and Immune Suppression in CancerThe interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a key player in regulating immune responses, particularly in suppressing inflammation and ma

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) plays a critical role in the immune system, influencing a variety of biological functions across different immune cell types. This article provides an in-depth look at the sig

The inflammasome is one of the few innate pathways that destroys the cell it activates. A macrophage that assembles NLRP3 has committed to a decision it cannot reverse: a priming signal through TLR4

Quick Facts About SiltuximabWhat is Siltuximab?Siltuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune regulation.What is the m

Regulatory T cells cannot make the cytokine they depend on. FOXP3 represses the Il2 locus, so every Treg lives on IL-2 secreted by the conventional T cells it exists to restrain. That asymmetry expla

Quick Facts About CanakinumabWhat is Canakinumab?Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), reducing inflammation associated with various disease

Quick Facts About BrodalumabWhat is Brodalumab?Brodalumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-17 receptor to treat immune-mediated conditions like moderate-to-severe plaque psor

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Interleukin-21 (IL-21) stands out as a pivotal cytokine in the complex network of immune system communication. Its role in regulating various immune cell types has drawn considerable attention

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Quick Facts About GuselkumabWhat is Guselkumab?Guselkumab is a biologic therapy that selectively targets the p19 subunit of interleukin-23 (IL-23), playing a critical role in inflammator

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related di

NF-κB is not one pathway, it is two clocks running at different speeds. The canonical arm fires within minutes of TNF-α, IL-1β or LPS reaching the surface, peaks, and is switched off by feedback it e

Immunology · Cytokine SignallingTNF-alpha and Inflammation: Structure, Signalling & TherapyTumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. Sig

Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem

Double-stranded DNA in the cytosol is always a mistake. A virus has uncoated, a mitochondrion has ruptured, a micronucleus has burst, or a chromosome has been broken and left unrepaired. cGAS treats

Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) represent a fascinating component of the immune system, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and mounting rapid responses against pathogens. The

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A macrophage does not decide to eat; it counts votes. Every particle it touches carries a mixture of pro-phagocytic and inhibitory ligands, and engulfment follows only when the activating tally clear

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The neutrophil is the most heavily armed short-lived cell in the body. It leaves the marrow with its weapons already made — granules preloaded with elastase, myeloperoxidase and defensins — and spend

Inflammasomes are complex intracellular structures that play a pivotal role in the immune response by detecting pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors. Their activation is a critical step

The innate immune system, a primary line of defense against pathogens, comprises various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among these, the Nod-like Receptor (NLR) signaling pathways play a criti

What is Neuroimmunology? Neuroimmunology is a multidisciplinary scientific field dedicated to investigating the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the c

Introduction to TLR4 and Cancer Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for detecting infections and initiating inflammatory resp

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromoso

Every leukocyte that reaches an inflamed tissue has solved the same mechanical problem. It must stop, in under a second, against a shear flow that would otherwise sweep it past the site of infection.

CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem

Nod-like receptors Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a versatile family of relatively recently discovered intracellular receptors which have a br

Immunology · HyperinflammationCytokine Storm and Cytokine Release Syndrome: Mechanisms, Triggers and MarkersA cytokine storm is a self-amplifying inflammatory response in which cytokine release drives

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris,

For decades, immunologists believed that only adaptive immunity—the sophisticated system of T cells and B cells—could form lasting memories of past infections. The innate immune system, our body's fir

Quick Facts About PlonmarlimabWhat is Plonmarlimab?Plonmarlimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting GM-CSF, a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune responses.How does Plonmarlimab

The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in cellular responses to various stressors and inflammatory stimuli. It is a part of the larger MAPK

IL-8 Overview Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, was discovered over 30 years ago as a small molecule that could promote chemotaxis and induce the production

The antigen tells a CD4 T cell to respond; the cytokine tells it what kind of response to make. A naive CD4⁺ T cell leaving the thymus is uncommitted. Within about seventy-two hours of engaging TCR/C

What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and a

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Almost any inflammatory phenotype in a mouse can be assigned to a cytokine by taking that cytokine away. Neutralisation is the most direct causal test immunology has: inject a functional-grade antibo

Dozens of cytokines converge on four kinases and seven transcription factors. That compression is the problem JAK–STAT has to solve, and it is why this map is drawn as receptor, kinase and STAT colum

Introduction to CD122 in Immunotherapy CD122, also known as the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rβ), is a critical component of the immune system's response to pathogens and malign

Understanding the immune system's intricacies requires models that accurately reflect its complexity. The rat, as a model organism, plays a crucial role in immunological research, particularly in

Quick Facts About SecukinumabWhat is SecukinumabSecukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key cytokine involved in inflammatory and autoimmune respons

Th17 cells, a subset of T helper cells characterized by their production of interleukin-17 (IL-17), play a significant role in the immune system's response to pathogens and in the pathology of au

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ILC2 - Function, Cytokines, and Role in Health and Disease A quick guide to IL2C

Quick Facts About EnokizumabWhat is Enokizumab?Enokizumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target interleukin-9 (IL-9), a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses. It has been stu

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Cell Signalling · CytokinesJAK-STAT Signalling: Mechanism, Regulation and InhibitorsJAK-STAT is the shortest route from a cytokine outside the cell to a change in gene transcription — receptor engagem

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their crucial r

Quick Facts About FezakinumabWhat is Fezakinumab?Fezakinumab is a human IgG1-lambda monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine involved in inflammatory responses

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Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-induced d