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Anti-PD-L1: Targeting Tumor Evasion with Immune Checkpoint Blockade(Post)
IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the progr
Vibostolimab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and Research Potential in Oncology(Post)Key Facts About VibostolimabWhat is Vibostolimab?Vibostolimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed by Merck, targeting immune checkpoint pathways to enhance anti-tumor immunity
B Cells: Function, Types, Activation & Role in Immunity(Post)B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, play
CAR-NK Cell Therapy: The Next Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy(Post)For decades, the fight against cancer has been a relentless battle of incremental gains. While immunotherapies like CAR-T cell therapy have offered revolutionary hope, their personalized nature, high
The role of key Interleukins(Post)Interleukin signaling is involved in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and immunity. Interleukins are glycoproteins which act on hema
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab: Advancing Research on CTLA-4 in Cancer Therapy(Post)What You Need to Know About IpilimumabWhat is Ipilimumab?Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, a protein involved in downregulating the immune system, to boost the bod
Comprehensive Guide to Mononuclear Cells(Post)Immunology · Cell IsolationPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): Composition, Isolation and UseMononuclear cells are the leukocytes with a single, unlobed nucleus — lymphocytes and monocytes. Is
After Tocilizumab, IL-6 Goes Up. That Is the Drug Working.(Post)Tocilizumab reverses cytokine release syndrome within hours, and it never touches the cell that started it. That sentence contains the whole mechanism. The trigger is a T cell — engaged by a CAR, a b
PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas: A Comprehensive Overview(Post)Understanding PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas Understanding PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas Introduction The programmed cell death prote
Relatlimab: Unlocking the Potential of LAG-3 Inhibition in Cancer Research(Post)Quick Facts About RelatlimabWhat is Relatlimab?Relatlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), a key immune checkpoint involved in T-cell regulatio
Liposomal nanosilver encapsulation for cytotoxic assays(Post)Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatmen
Monalizumab: A Breakthrough in Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting NKG2A(Post)Quick Facts About MonalizumabWhat is Monalizumab?Monalizumab is a first-in-class immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting NKG2A, developed to enhance anti-tumor immune response by blocking
PD-1 & PD-L1 Inhibitors(Post)PD-1 & PD-L1 interaction between T-cells and tumour cells. What are PD-1 and PD-L1? PD-1, also known as programmed cell death 1, is a receptor expressed on t
Tiragolumab: Unlocking New Horizons in Cancer Immunotherapy(Post)Quick Facts About TiragolumabWhat is Tiragolumab?Tiragolumab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed to enhance immune responses against cancer cells. It is currently under invest
Targeting Immune Checkpoints as Cancer Therapy(Post)In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mos
Human Multiplex Inflammation ELISA Panels(Page) CD39: A Novel Target to Overcome Immunosuppression in Cancer(Post)Introduction to CD39 and Cancer Immunosuppression CD39 is an ectonucleotidase enzyme that plays a crucial role in generating adenosine, a powerful immunosuppressive molecule within the tu
Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an
Co-Inhibitory Checkpoints Beyond PD-1: CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3(Post)PD-1 gets the attention, but it is one brake among many — and the others do not work the same way. The co-inhibitory receptors are routinely drawn as interchangeable stop signs on a T cell. They are
What is an Antigen?(Post)Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as fr