1855 results for 'cluster'

An agonist antibody does not activate its receptor. It gets held still by something else, and the receptors underneath cluster because they are crowded. That sentence sounds like a technicality and i

What are MHC Class I molecules? The MHC class I is a glycoprotein that is expressed on all nucleated cells of the human body. MHC class I are important in disease defense against viruses, ba

PD-1 does not switch a T cell off; it moves the threshold. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 recruits a single phosphatase into the immunological synapse, and that one recruitment event is enough to collap

A chimeric antigen receptor is a synthetic protein wired into a real signalling pathway. The extracellular half is an antibody fragment; everything below the membrane is borrowed from the T-cell rece

Signal 1 tells a T cell what it is looking at; signal 2 tells it whether to care. The same peptide–MHC engagement that launches a productive effector response can just as easily install an anergy pro

Double-stranded DNA in the cytosol is always a mistake. A virus has uncoated, a mitochondrion has ruptured, a micronucleus has burst, or a chromosome has been broken and left unrepaired. cGAS treats

Chemokines are highly conserved cytokines that control the movement of cells around the body. All 45 members of the chemokine family can be divided into 4 subfamilies depending on th

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative haematopoietic malignancy, characterised by a karyotypic abnormality present in more than 95% of cases known as the Philadelph

What is CD52? Cluster Of Differentiation 52 (CD52) is a highly expressed membrane glycoprotein which is present on the surface of immune cell

Immunology · Cytokine SignallingTNF-alpha and Inflammation: Structure, Signalling & TherapyTumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. Sig

CD Markers Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers play an important role in the differentiation of B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) ce

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune