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By Sophie Arthur How many diseases and conditions do you think exist in this world? Thousands? Hundreds of thousands? Maybe even millions? Unfortunately, I don’t know the answer. But what I

PD-1 & PD-L1 interaction between T-cells and tumour cells. What are PD-1 and PD-L1? PD-1, also known as programmed cell death 1, is a receptor expressed on t

Quick Facts About TiragolumabWhat is Tiragolumab?Tiragolumab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed to enhance immune responses against cancer cells. It is currently under invest

Quick Info Section: Key Facts About MogamulizumabWhat is Mogamulizumab?Mogamulizumab is an anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody used primarily for treating certain cancers, including cutaneous

Quick answer A researcher measuring dopamine in mouse brain tissue got no detectable signal and, with many samples to run, asked whether the full standard curve could be skipped to sav

By Rachel Bleach, PhD Student, RCSI By the age of 79 years, 1 in 14 women will develop breast cancer (Global Burden of Disease Cancer 2017). Beatson reported

Cell Signalling · Receptor BiologyGPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors): A Complete GuideG protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell-surface receptors in the human genome and the ta

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engulf

Lab Methods · CentrifugationRPM to G-Force (RCF) Conversion: Formula, Calculator Method and Common ErrorsA protocol that says “spin at 3,000 rpm” is incomplete, because the force a sample experiences

Imagine an elite squad of soldiers sent to neutralize a hidden fortress, only to find themselves wandering aimlessly in a thick, disorienting fog just outside the gates. This is the current reality f

RIPA (Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay) buffer is mostly used when carrying out a western blot or immunoprecipatation assay. A RIPA buffer is used in order to lyse cells and extract protein fro

When PhDs and Post-Docs start in new lab they have the best intentions to keep their lab books up to date with notes, new research methods, data, and protocol information. These best efforts us

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear p

Cell Culture · ProtocolsCell Synchronisation Methods: Protocols for G1, S, G2 and M Phase ArrestAn asynchronous culture contains cells at every stage of the cycle at once, so any measurement is an ave

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 was the deadliest in history. It is estimated that up to 100 million people died from the virus, which is more than three times the number who d

Western blotting, a cornerstone technique in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics, is pivotal for detecting specific proteins in a sample. Its applications span various scientific f

Techniques · Molecular CloningGuide to Bacterial Transformation: The Science of Genetic ManipulationBacterial transformation is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA — usually a plasmid —