10713 results for 'Orexin B/Hypocretin-2'

What You Need to Know About IscalimabWhat is Iscalimab?Iscalimab (CFZ533) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD40, a key protein involved in immune system regulation.What is the mechani ...

In the realm of immunology, CXCL chemokines emerge as fascinating conductors. These small proteins, marked by their CXC motif, wield considerable influence over our immune responses and a r ...

Immunology · Antibody ProductionHybridoma Technology: How Monoclonal Antibodies Are MadeHybridoma technology, pioneered by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975, is the method that made monoclona ...

Cell Signalling · InflammationMAPK Signalling in Inflammatory Cytokine PathwaysMAPK cascades convert receptor engagement into changes in gene expression, and in inflammation they do it in both direct ...

Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as f ...

Quick Facts About BelantamabWhat is Belantamab?Belantamab Mafodotin is a cutting-edge antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma ...

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 a ...

Understanding the dynamics of sodium and potassium ions within biological systems is crucial for deciphering cellular processes and developing therapeutic strategies. Sodium and potassium indicat ...

What is a Plasma Membrane? The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of all cells. It is a thin, semi-permeable barrier that separat ...

Immunology · Flow CytometryT Cell Immunophenotyping: Markers, Subsets and Panel DesignImmunophenotyping identifies cell populations by the proteins on their surface. For T cells that means resolving ...

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) stands out as a pivotal cytokine in the complex network of immune system communication. Its role in regulating various immune cell types has drawn considerable attention ...

Spindle assembly checkpoint The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), or mitotic checkpoint, is the main cell cycle control mechanism that governs mitosis. Incorre ...

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Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stressors. This self-eating mechanism involves the degradation and recycling o ...

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their cruc ...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a critical hormone in the regulation of glucose metabolism and has garnered significant attention due to its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes ...

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What are Toll Like Receptors? Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system's defense against microbial invaders ...

What if our first line of immune defense, the innate immune system, could learn from past encounters to fight future battles more effectively? For decades, we believed this was the exclusive domain o ...

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-induced ...

Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has become a pivotal strategy in modern oncology. A key component in this fight is CD27, a receptor that plays a crucial role in T-cell activ ...

Quick Facts About IcrucumabWhat is Icrucumab?Icrucumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.How Do ...

Th17 cells, a subset of T helper cells characterized by their production of interleukin-17 (IL-17), play a significant role in the immune system's response to pathogens and in the pathology of a ...

What is CD52? Cluster Of Differentiation 52 (CD52) is a highly expressed membrane glycoprotein which is present on the surface of immune cel ...

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related d ...

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What is preeclampsia? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in ten pregnant women is affected by hypertensive disorders, and preeclampsia ...

In 2006, upon completion of the Human Genome Project, it was discovered that nearly 8% of the human genome is made up of viral DNA. These viral remnants are composed of ancient germ ...

The Immune System The immune system is a host defence system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that pro ...

Platinum based cancer drugs Despite nearly 50% of all anti-cancer treatments being platinum-based, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics ...

Alzheimer's disease stands as a formidable challenge in the realm of neurological disorders, characterized by its progressive nature and profound impact on cognitive functions. This article delv ...

Waardenburg Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder Affecting Pigmentation, Hearing, and More Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a fascinating and rare genetic disorder that impacts various asp ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

The Double-Edged Sword: How Neutrophil Traps Can Both Help and Hinder Cancer's Spread In the intricate battlefield of the human body, the immune system’s foot soldiers, neutrophils, have long been r ...

In the realm of immunotherapy, T cell expansion has emerged as a pivotal strategy, holding promise in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. T cells are a critical component o ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Cancer Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that develops through epigenetic changes an ...

In the evolving landscape of biochemical research and diagnostic assay development, the ability to label non-antibody proteins and small molecules with high precision has become indispensable. Th ...

Microglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Glial ...

RIPA (Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay) buffer is mostly used when carrying out a western blot or immunoprecipatation assay. A RIPA buffer is used in order to lyse cells and extract protein fr ...

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppress ...

The flu is a highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory system. It can cause fever, muscle aches, and coughing. In some cases, it can lead to more serious health complicat ...

Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical technology employed in cell biology, immunology, and oncology research. It enables the rapid measurement of physical and chemical characteristics of cells ...

What You Need to Know About MilatuzumabWhat is Milatuzumab?Milatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD74, a molecule involved in antigen presentation and cell signaling.

Quick Facts About AlemtuzumabWhat is Alemtuzumab?Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like ...

What is Neuroimmunology? Neuroimmunology is a multidisciplinary scientific field dedicated to investigating the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the ...

By Eleni Chrysostomou, PhD Candidate, NUIG Why do we need to know how the Nervous System develops and regenerates? The structure and function of ...

Explore the diverse roles and functionalities of granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells - as they form a critical line of defense in the immune system, res ...

By Rachel Bleach, PhD Student, RCSI By the age of 79 years, 1 in 14 women will develop breast cancer (Global Burden of Disease Cancer 2017). Beatson reporte ...

This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in im ...

The prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders has risen dramatically in recent decades, presenting a significant global health challenge. Adipose tissue, once considered mer ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are pivotal in the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are not only crucial for normal bra ...

The eukaryotic cell is a complex and dynamic system with distinct membrane-bound compartments known as organelles, each performing specialized functions essential for cellular survival. To better ...

Polo-like kinase (Plk1) Polo-like kinase (Plk1), is a serine/threonine kinase that is active during mitosis (Hamanaka et al., 1995). Its name is derived from its orig ...

ILC2 - Function, Cytokines, and Role in Health and Disease A quick guide to IL2C ...

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rem ...

For decades, the fight against cancer has been a grueling battle of attrition, with treatments often as harsh as the disease itself. But a revolutionary approach, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T ce ...

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The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family represents a crucial group of signaling molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Comprising 11 members, in ...

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease ba ...

Deprotonation is a fundamental chemical process that plays a crucial role in various aspects of chemistry, ranging from organic synthesis to biochemistry. It involves the removal of a proton ( ...

By Catríona Dowling, Post-Doc, RCSI I want you to come on a journey with me where we are going to the botanic gardens. You will pick a section of the garden that is yours: yours to treasure ...

by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgr ...

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For decades, the primary strategy in cancer treatment has been to trigger apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, in malignant cells. However, many cancers develop resistance to apoptosis-induci ...

Clinical pathology labs play a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing critical diagnostic testing services for a wide array of diseases and conditions. These laboratories are desig ...

The STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) pathway plays a pivotal role in the innate immune system's response to cancerous cells and DNA viruses. Exploiting this pathway through STING activators ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD The genes of the IL-36 family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 2 [1]. All three activating ligands, IL-36α, IL-36β ...

What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects the motor system, leading to a wide array of symptoms ranging from tremors and stiffness to bradykinesia (sl ...

Key Points Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAF ...

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromos ...

In the realm of immunology, the terms "immunoglobulin" and "antibody" often find themselves used interchangeably, sparking confusion among those keen on understanding the immune system's fine det ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a significant role in eliminating tumor cells. Unlike T cells, NK cells can recognize and kill canc ...

Understanding the differentiation pathways of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the identification of lineage-specific markers is a cornerstone in the field of neurobiology and regenerative medicine.

By Sinead Kinsella PhD The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is a regulatory machinery for protein turnover in ...

Pancreatic cancer survival rates Despite recent advances in our understanding of this disease, pancreatic cancer is one of the world’s most lethal maligna ...

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune ...

Blood Coagulation Pathways Blood clotting, also known as hemostasis, is a fascinating and intricate process that ensures our bodies can effectively respond to injuries and prevent excessive ...

Quick Facts About IndusatumabWhat is Indusatumab?Indusatumab is an experimental antibody therapy targeting CD47, a protein that enables cancer cells to evade immune destruction.How does ...

Antibody Structure Antibody ...

By Dr. Lisa Dwane, Postdoctoral Researcher, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The first link between estrogen and breast cancer was made in the ...

Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color. Although it is less common than oth ...

In the evolving landscape of cellular biology, intracellular flow cytometry (ICFC) stands out as a powerful technique for analyzing the complexities within cells. This advanced method extends the ...

What is RIPA Buffer? RIPA (Radio Immuno Precipitation Assay) buffer is primarily used when conducting a western blot or immunoprecipatation assay. A RIPA buffer is used in order to l ...

What is DNA Polymerase Fidelity? The fidelity of a DNA polymerase is the result of accurate replication of a desired template. The fidelity of DNA polymerase ...

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Product CitationsMore than 1,000 cited products in scientific journalsWe're not just any scientific company; our products have made waves in the scientific community. From groundbreaking ...

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Immunohistochemistry Protocol Guide Introduction Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique widely used in histology and pathology ...

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