10239 results for 'TNF-alpha'

By Dr. Lisa Dwane, Postdoctoral Researcher, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The first link between estrogen and breast cancer was made in the ...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a condition in which activated enzymes and inflammatory mediators released from the pancreas cause damage to the pancreas and surrounding tissues. AP is fur ...

What Are GPCRs? GPCRs, or G protein-coupled receptors, are a large family of membrane proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling. They are involved in tran ...

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to e ...

In Vitro vs In Vivo: Complete Comparison + Selection Guide | Research MethodsDiscover the distinct roles of 'In Vivo' and 'In Vitro' in biological research, where one offers a natural co ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Cancer Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that develops through epigenetic changes an ...

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease ba ...

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process that plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of healthy tissues. Central to this process are caspases, a family of c ...

Interleukin 12 in COVID-19 Prophylactics Interleukin 12 is a cytokine with wide-reaching effects in the innate and adaptive immune system. O ...

Interferons are key cytokines in the immune system, crucial for combating viral and bacterial infections, with significant roles in both innate and adaptive immunity responses. Key Takeaways ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that is a leading cause of respiratory and invasive diseases worldwide. It is part of ...

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune ...

Shelly Pathak PhD candidate, University of Leeds SAIDs Systemic Auto-inflammatory diseases (SAIDs) have been defined as a group of mainly inherited disorde ...

Apoptosis Unveiled: Your Complete Guide to Intrinsic & Extrinsic PathwaysAt Assay Genie we have created a comprehensive guide outlining everything you need to know about apoptosis!K ...

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); wi ...

You are only part human. In some ways, you are as much bacteria as you are mammal, and in some ways bacteria make up far more of you than your own familiar cells and genes! It is becoming ...

Danka Kozareva PhD Candidate, University College Cork The generation of neurons from stem cells The process of generating ...

What You Need to Know About BersanlimabWhat is Bersanlimab?Bersanlimab is a cutting-edge anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody designed to disrupt cancer cells' evasion of immune detection.What ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD A role for IL-33 in Barrier Function and Epithelial Wound Healing ...

by Ryan Wallis, PhD Aging and Disease Imagine a world where everything you do is missing just a little piece and as time goes on you start to lose sense entirely. This is the dev ...

Quick Facts About TomaralimabWhat is Tomaralimab?Tomaralimab is an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody designed to enhance immune system recognition of cancer cells by blocking the "don't eat ...

by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgr ...

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Orga ...

Key Takeaways: Microglia are immune cells in the CNS, originating from myeloid precursor cells. They surveil the CNS, respond to changes, and maintain neural health. Microglia exist in dif ...

Introduction Transformation of bacteria with plasmids is not only of note for bacterial studies but also can be used for gene expression studies in mammalian cells. Most plasmids are of bac ...

Quick Facts About RuplizumabWhat is Ruplizumab?Ruplizumab is an investigational monoclonal antibody designed to target CD47, a protein that helps cancer cells evade immune detection.Wha ...

At Assay Genie we have created a comprehensive guide outlining everything you need to know about apoptosis! Key Takeaways: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process, vital for tissu ...

Quick Facts About IvuxolimabWhat is ivuxolimab?Ivuxolimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a "don't eat me" signal that cancer cells exploit to evade immune destruction.How does ...

Quick Facts About BasiliximabWhat is Basiliximab?Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD25 subunit of the IL-2 receptor, primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejecti ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is f ...

Quick Facts About IcatolimabWhat is Icatolimab?Icatolimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target CD47, a protein that cancer cells use to evade immune detection.How does Icatolimab ...

What is the Coronavirus Spike Protein? COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respirato ...

Immune evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer, where tumor cells employ various strategies to suppress immune responses and prevent destruction by the body’s defense systems. CD200, a ...

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris ...

Quick Facts About UlviprubartWhat is Ulviprubart?Ulviprubart is an experimental complement inhibitor designed to modulate immune responses in autoimmune diseases.What is the mechan ...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance by suppressing excessive immune responses that could lead to tissue damage. However, in the context of cancer ...

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an emerging immune checkpoint receptor that plays a key role in suppressing T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) ...

Key Facts About TalacotuzumabWhat is Talacotuzumab?Talacotuzumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target CD123, a protein commonly found on the surface of certain blood cancer cells ...

Quick Facts About PraluzatamabWhat is Praluzatamab?Praluzatamab is an experimental monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a “don’t eat me” signal used by cancer cells to evade immune de ...

Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathoge ...

What You Need to Know About VarlilumabWhat is Varlilumab?Varlilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD27, a receptor on T-cells that plays a critical role in immune modulation.What i ...

Introduction T lymphocytes are type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. There are many different types of T cells, and it is important to be able to di ...

Quick Facts About AvdoralimabWhat is Avdoralimab?Avdoralimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting C5aR1, playing a crucial role in modulating immune response and inflammation.What is the ...

Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has become a pivotal strategy in modern oncology. A key component in this fight is CD27, a receptor that plays a crucial role in T-cell activ ...

Immunotherapy has become a central pillar in the fight against cancer, with a focus on enhancing the body’s natural defenses. Among the molecules at the forefront of immunotherapeutic re ...

Quick Facts About NatalizumabWhat is Natalizumab?Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease. It works by blocking immune cells from a ...

Platelets, the tiny cellular fragments found in our blood, play a crucial role in maintaining our overall health and well-being. From their role in blood clotting to their involveme ...

Explore the essential role of Tau proteins in neuronal health and their impact in neurodegenerative diseases, unfolding the complexity behind their functions and dysfunctions. Key Takeaways: ...

What You Need to Know About MagrolimabWhat is Magrolimab?Magrolimab is an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody that targets the "don't eat me" signal on cancer cells, promoting their destructi ...

What You Need to Know About OzuriftamabWhat is Ozuriftamab?Ozuriftamab is an investigational monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, designed to enhance immune-mediated clearance of cancer ...

The intricate process of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is a cornerstone of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells, renowned for their self-renewal c ...

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromos ...

Blood Coagulation Pathways Blood clotting, also known as hemostasis, is a fascinating and intricate process that ensures our bodies can effectively respond to injuries and prevent excessive ...

Quick Facts About GuselkumabWhat is Guselkumab?Guselkumab is a biologic therapy that selectively targets the p19 subunit of interleukin-23 (IL-23), playing a critical role in inflammato ...

Introduction to TREM2 and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in CancerTREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is an immunoregulatory receptor primarily expressed on macrophage ...

Introduction Cellular senescence is a fascinating phenomenon that plays a crucial role in the aging process and various age-related diseases. It is essential to explore the cellular ...

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and survival. In recent years, GIT ...

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target f ...

The flu is a highly contagious virus that affects the respiratory system. It can cause fever, muscle aches, and coughing. In some cases, it can lead to more serious health complicat ...

The Role of CD25+FOXP3+CD45RA- Treg Cells in Cancer PrognosisIntroductionRegulatory T-cells (Treg cells) are a specialized subset of T-cells that play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis ...

Antibodies are a special class of Y shaped proteins that help guard your body from invading viruses and bacteria. They do this by either neutralizing the dangerous substance ...

Introduction to FoxP3 and Regulatory T Cells in CancerFoxP3 (forkhead box P3) is a transcription factor critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a special ...

The prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders has risen dramatically in recent decades, presenting a significant global health challenge. Adipose tissue, once considered mer ...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a complex enzyme involved in the conversion of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA, a crucial molecule in energy production and intermediary ...

Introduction to SLAMF7 in Cancer Immunotherapy SLAMF7, also known as Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule F7, is a surface receptor found on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, ...

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engul ...

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19? ...

In the intricate landscape of the brain, cells constantly communicate, sending and receiving messages that govern our thoughts, memories, and movements. For decades, scientists believed this communic ...

Quick Facts About AnifrolumabWhat is Anifrolumab?Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the type I interferon receptor, playing a crucial role in treating systemic lupus eryt ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Imagine engineering a patient's own immune cells into precision-guided missiles against cancer—cells that can seek out and destroy tumors with remarkable specificity. This is the promise of CAR-T cel ...

Quick Facts About TesnatilimabWhat is Tesnatilimab?Tesnatilimab is an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody designed to block the "don’t eat me" signal used by cancer cells to evade immune resp ...

PCR Detection of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Contents Background Assay Information Sample Types   & ...

Introduction to IL-10R and Immune Suppression in CancerThe interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a key player in regulating immune responses, particularly in suppressing inflammation and m ...

Introduction to PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in Cancer ImmunotherapyThe PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway has been instrumental in cancer immunotherapy, with PD-1 (programmed death-1) inhib ...

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppress ...

Quick Facts About NarnatumabWhat is Narnatumab?Narnatumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a key immune checkpoint that helps cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system ...

One of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy is how tumors evade immune detection. Among the mechanisms cancer cells exploit, the CD47 pathway has emerged as a major player in helpin ...

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 was the deadliest in history. It is estimated that up to 100 million people died from the virus, which is more than three times the number who ...

Quick Facts About IndusatumabWhat is Indusatumab?Indusatumab is an experimental antibody therapy targeting CD47, a protein that enables cancer cells to evade immune destruction.How does ...

Quick Facts About MurlentamabWhat is Murlentamab?Murlentamab is a novel monoclonal antibody designed to target CD47, a "don’t eat me" signal that helps cancer cells evade the immune sys ...

What are MHC Class I molecules? The MHC class I is a glycoprotein that is expressed on all nucleated cells of the human body. MHC class I are important in disease defense against viruses, b ...

Hydroxychloroquine: Potential Treatment for COVID-19 What is Hydroxychloroquine? Hydroxychloroquine (HC ...

Testing for COVID-19 Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organisation have emphasised the crucial impor ...

Quick Facts About SirexatamabWhat is Sirexatamab?Sirexatamab is an investigational monoclonal antibody designed to target CD47, a key immune checkpoint involved in cancer evasion.How Do ...

Quick Facts About FletikumabWhat is Fletikumab?Fletikumab is an investigational monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a key immune checkpoint that enables cancer cells to evade immune des ...

Quick Facts About NadecnemabWhat is Nadecnemab?Nadecnemab is an investigational monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a key immune checkpoint protein involved in cancer evasion.How Doe ...

Quick Facts About LemzoparlimabWhat is Lemzoparlimab?Lemzoparlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a protein known for its role in helping tumors evade the immune system. By ...

window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS.push( ...

document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(function(){var e=document.querySelector(".page-sidebar");e&&e.remove(),document.querySelectorAll(".page-heading").forEach((function(e){e.re ...

QuickStep ELISA Kits 90 Minute 1 Wash Protocol! Explore QuickStep ELISA Kits window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = ...

Plant & Environmental Stress Assays Explore our range of assays to measure reactive oxygen species, proline, secondary metabolites & more in plant tissues.

window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS.push({ hoverImage: '', uuid: 's-38a43fe9-cf0 ...

window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS.push({ hoverImage: '', uuid: 's-015971d6-917 ...

What is IHC? Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool used for the identification of specific antigens within embedded tissue prepara ...

{ "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Article", "name" : "ELISA மதிப்பீடு, கொள்கை, நெறிமுறைகள், முறைகள் மற்றும் கருவிகள", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", ...

window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS.push({ hoverImage: '', uuid: 's-d74482a0-ed3 ...

{ "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Article", "name" : "101 ELISA 문제 해결 팁", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Eimear Nolan" }, " ...

{ "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Article", "name" : "TA Cloning", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Eimear Nolan" }, "datePublished" ...

{ "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Article", "name" : "ELISA バッファーとレシピ", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Seán Mac Fhearraigh PhD." }, ...