9638 results for 'IL-11'

The germinal centre is where antibody quality is made. A naive B cell that binds antigen does not become a source of protective, high-affinity IgG by accident. It passes through a tightly choreograph

Most immunology is written as though a T cell must first be told what to look for. Three lineages did not read that memo. γδ T cells, invariant NKT cells and MAIT cells leave the thymus with their ef

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19?

Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem

Infectious Disease · News AnalysisSuspected Plague Death at a Siberian Anti-Plague Institute: What Researchers Should KnowA 28-year-old laboratory worker at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute

Katherine Edwards, PhD Student, Queen’s University Belfast Cytokines play a vital role in immune responses enabling cross-talk between different cell types a

Block one receptor and more than 90% of the microglia in a mouse brain are dead within a week. Not impaired — gone. Stop the block and they come back, repopulating from the survivors within another w

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Helpe

In the periphery, co-stimulation rescues a T cell. In the thymus, the same molecules kill it. A peripheral T cell that engages its receptor without CD80 and CD86 becomes anergic; engage them and it r

Danka Kozareva PhD Candidate, University College Cork The generation of neurons from stem cells The process of generating

What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell fate, polari

Biomarkers · InflammationC-Reactive Protein (CRP): Structure, Function and Clinical UseCRP is the most widely measured marker of inflammation in medicine — fast to rise, fast to fall, and entirely non

Immunology · Antigen PresentationDendritic Cells: Markers, Activation and SubtypesDendritic cells are the professional antigen-presenting cells that decide whether an immune response happens at all. T