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    The Rise of Alpha-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals: A New Era in Targeted Cancer Therapy(Post)

    Imagine a microscopic sniper, capable of delivering a lethal blow to a single cancer cell while leaving its healthy neighbors virtually untouched. This is the promise of targeted alpha therapy, a re ...

    The role of IFN gamma in inflammation, cancer and autoimmune disease(Post)

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    As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related d ...

    Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions(Post)

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    T Helper Cells: Th1, Th2, Th17 Differences & Functions [2026](Post)

    Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their cruc ...

    The Rat Effectively Models Signature Cytokines of T Helper Cells(Post)

    Understanding the immune system's intricacies requires models that accurately reflect its complexity. The rat, as a model organism, plays a crucial role in immunological research, particularly i ...

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    Litifilimab: A Promising Anti-BDCA2 Antibody for Lupus Treatment(Post)

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    Interleukin 12 (IL-12) in COVID-19 Vaccines(Post)

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    Spanish Flu: The Deadliest Pandemic in History(Post)

    The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 was the deadliest in history. It is estimated that up to 100 million people died from the virus, which is more than three times the number who ...

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    Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways ...

    Types of PCR – 7 Methods, Principles & Applications(Post)

    PCR stands as a cornerstone in molecular biology, enabling scientists to magnify and analyze fragments of DNA with incredible precision. In this blog, we'll embark on understanding of PCR – fro ...

    TNFRSF9: Enhancing Immune Cell Activity Against Tumors(Post)

    Introduction to TNFRSF9 and Its Role in Immune ActivationTNFRSF9, also known as 4-1BB or CD137, is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on the surface of T cells, natural killer (NK) cell ...

    The role of IL-18 in health and disease(Post)

    Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II ...

    Innate Viral Immunity & RIG-I in COVID-19(Post)

    RIG-I: Antiviral Properties in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Key Points RIG-I is a cytosolic RNA ...

    Neuroimmunology: The Immune System of the CNS(Post)

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    Adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis – ICAM1(Post)

    Adhesion Molecules Direct cell-cell interactions are maintained and regulated by cell adhesion molecules. The expression of adhesion molecule ...

    Chemokines versus Cytokines: A Detailed Comparative Study(Post)

    The complex interplay between chemokines and cytokines is fundamental to the immune system's function, orchestrating the body's response to infection, inflammation, and injury. This detailed anal ...

    Cytokine Storms: What happens when the immune system overreacts?(Post)

    Discover the critical role of cytokines as signaling molecules in immune responses, their functions, and the impact of their dysregulation, including cytokine storms. Key Takeaways: C ...

    Sensing Danger: The Biology of TLR-Mediated Inflammation(Post)

    By Eoin Mac Réamoinn Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are renowned for their fundamental roles in innate sensing and initiating inflammatory responses. TLR ...

    Hydroxychloroquine: Potential Treatment for COVID-19(Post)

    Hydroxychloroquine: Potential Treatment for COVID-19 What is Hydroxychloroquine? Hydroxychloroquine (HC ...

    OX40 Agonists: Revitalizing the Immune Response in Cancer(Post)

    Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment options, offering strategies to harness the immune system to target and destroy tumors. One emerging area of interest is the use of OX40 ...

    CD28: Amplifying T Cell Responses for Better Tumor Clearance(Post)

    The CD28 molecule plays a crucial role in amplifying T cell activation, which is critical for mounting effective immune responses against tumors. By engaging with co-stimulatory molecule ...

    The role of key Interleukins(Post)

    Interleukin signaling is involved in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and immunity. Interleukins are glycoproteins which act on hem ...

    CXC Chemokine Family(Post)

    In the realm of immunology, CXCL chemokines emerge as fascinating conductors. These small proteins, marked by their CXC motif, wield considerable influence over our immune responses and a r ...

    Anti-PD-L1: Targeting Tumor Evasion with Immune Checkpoint Blockade(Post)

    IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the prog ...

    COVID-19 Biomarkers(Post)

    SARS-CoV-2 Background COVID-19 is characterised by a series of biological markers. In some instances, these biomarkers can be used as potent ...

    Heterogeneity of Type 1 diabetes in children(Post)

    Ahmad Gazali PhD candidate, University of Eastern Finland Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, a key hormone involve ...

    Toll-like Receptor Signalling in Neurodegenerative Disease(Post)

    Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathoge ...

    CXCL16 – Review(Post)

    CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a che ...

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    Fibroblasts, essential components of connective tissues, play vital roles in maintaining tissue structure and function. Their remarkable ability to produce and organize the extracellular matrix ...

    Physiological and Pathological functions of IL-36(Post)

    By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is local ...

    SLAMF7: Activating Natural Killer Cells for Potent Anti-Cancer Responses(Post)

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    Fenofibrate Usage for Diabetes Damage(Post)

    Fenofibrate, also known as FEN, is a drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels. It works by blocking the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine and therefore, re ...

    Etigilimab: Unveiling the Role of Anti-TIGIT in Cancer Research(Post)

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    MAPK Signaling in Inflammatory Cytokines Pathways(Post)

    The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is a pivotal signaling cascade that plays a crucial role in mediating cellular responses to various external stimuli. This pathway is intricate ...

    Anifrolumab: Transforming Lupus Treatment with Targeted Immunotherapy(Post)

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    TIM-3: Targeting T Cell Exhaustion for Better Immunotherapy Outcomes(Post)

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    Targeting IL-10R: Enhancing Immune Activation in Cancer(Post)

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    Iscalimab: Advancing Research in Autoimmune Diseases and Transplantation(Post)

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    Mononuclear cells, as the name suggests, refer to a group of white blood cells characterized by the presence of a single nucleus. Understanding the nature, function, and significanc ...

    Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)

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    Streptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment(Post)

    Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that is a leading cause of respiratory and invasive diseases worldwide. It is part of ...

    Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation: Guardians of Immune Homeostasis(Post)

    Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) represent a fascinating component of the immune system, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and mounting rapid responses against pathogens. Th ...

    What are the stages of Parkinson's disease?(Post)

    What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson's disease can be seen as a neurodegenerative disease because it is associated with the loss of nerve ce ...

    Physiological Roles for IL-33 | Assay Genie(Post)

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    CD8+ T Cells: Understanding the Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Immunity(Post)

    CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are a critical component of the immune system. They play a vital role in defending the body against viral infections, intracel ...

    Immune Regulation in COVID-19 (Post)

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    Decoding Parkinson's Disease: Insights into a Complex Neurological Disorder(Post)

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    Understanding Antibody Staining for Antigen Detection in Flow Cytometry(Post)

    Flow cytometry stands as a pivotal technique in the realms of molecular biology and immunology, enabling the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of cells or particles as they flow i ...

    ST2 and IL33(Post)

    ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromos ...

    Liposomal nanosilver encapsulation for cytotoxic assays(Post)

    Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatme ...

    CD4+ T Cells: Unveiling the Role of Helper and Regulatory T Cells(Post)

    CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

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    4-1BB: Energizing Immune Cells to Overcome Tumor Resistance(Post)

    Immunotherapy has become a central pillar in the fight against cancer, with a focus on enhancing the body’s natural defenses. Among the molecules at the forefront of immunotherapeutic re ...

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    What are Stem Cells? Stem cells are primitive, undifferentiated, and unspecialised cells that are found in multicellular organism ...

    NK Cells: Unlocking the Potential of Natural Killer Cells in Cancer Therapy(Post)

    Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a significant role in eliminating tumor cells. Unlike T cells, NK cells can recognize and kill canc ...

    Basiliximab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and Research Advancements(Post)

    Quick Facts About BasiliximabWhat is Basiliximab?Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD25 subunit of the IL-2 receptor, primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejecti ...

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    The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within the intricate network of immune cells, CD11b, also known as inte ...

    TLX as a Novel Therapeutic Target(Post)

    Danka Kozareva PhD Candidate, University College Cork The generation of neurons from stem cells The process of generating ...

    B7-H4: A New Frontier in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition(Post)

    The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpo ...

    Natural Killer Cells: A Guide(Post)

    What are Natural Killer Cells? Natural Killer (NK) cells are a vital subset of lymphocytes, belonging to the same family as B cells and T cells, collectively known a ...

    An Overview of the glycoprotein GM-CSF(Post)

    This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in im ...

    Farletuzumab: Advancing Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research in Ovarian Cancer(Post)

    Quick Facts About FarletuzumabWhat is Farletuzumab?Farletuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting folate receptor alpha (FRα), a protein overexpressed in ovarian and other ep ...

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    PVR: Balancing Immune Activation and Suppression in Cancer(Post)

    PVR (Poliovirus receptor), also known as CD155, is a molecule that plays a dual role in regulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. While initially discovered as a ...

    COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Multiplex Assays(Page)

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