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Infectious Disease · News AnalysisSuspected Plague Death at a Siberian Anti-Plague Institute: What Researchers Should KnowA 28-year-old laboratory worker at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute

Quick answer A researcher measuring circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human serum with our LPS ELISA saw almost no color, even after 30 minutes with substrate. Samples had been test

The neutrophil is the most heavily armed short-lived cell in the body. It leaves the marrow with its weapons already made — granules preloaded with elastase, myeloperoxidase and defensins — and spend

Immunology · Cell BiologyCells of the Innate Immune System: Types, Functions and MarkersThe innate immune system responds within minutes, without prior exposure, using cells that recognise conserved m

Neuroscience · NeuroimmunologyMicroglial Functions: Immunity, Inflammation & NeurodegenerationMicroglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system — dynamic sentinels that survey the

In the intricate landscape of the immune system, toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a fundamental role in the first line of defense against pathogens. These receptors, essential components of the inn

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are pivotal in regulating cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The FGF signaling pathways play a critical role in embryonic

Cómo eliminar endotoxinas de proteínas recombinantes sin perder actividad biológica La forma más fiable de obtener proteínas recombinantes con niveles seguros de endotoxina es combinar medidas upstre

What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an

What is Gram-Negative bacteria? Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms characterized by their unique cell wall structure. They stain pink or red when subjecte

Introduction to TLR4 and Cancer Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for detecting infections and initiating inflammatory resp

The ERK signal transduction pathway stands as a fundamental mechanism in cellular biology, orchestrating a wide array of physiological processes, including cell division, differentiation, and surv

By Eoin Mac Réamoinn Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are renowned for their fundamental roles in innate sensing and initiating inflammatory responses. TLRs acco

NF-κB is not one pathway, it is two clocks running at different speeds. The canonical arm fires within minutes of TNF-α, IL-1β or LPS reaching the surface, peaks, and is switched off by feedback it e

Toll-like receptors are the reason a milligram of endotoxin can kill a mouse. They are the fastest, least discriminating layer of immunity: germline-encoded sensors that read conserved microbial chem

By Ciara Coleman PhD General Introduction Coeliac Disease (CD) is defined as a common, chronic inflammatory disease

What are Toll Like Receptors? Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system's defense against microbial invaders.