10421 results for 'chronic hepatitis B'

Hepatic Function Assays Liver function assays are a suite of tests designed to assess the health and efficacy of our vita ...

By Anusha Senevirante, Post-Doctoral researcher, Imperial College London With non-communicable diseases (or NCDs, which include heart disease, diabetes, c ...

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative haematopoietic malignancy, characterised by a karyotypic abnormality present in more than 95% of cases known as the Philadelp ...

Understanding PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas Understanding PD-1 Blockade in B-Cell Lymphomas Introduction The programmed cell death prot ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers and there are 630,000 new cases diagnosed every year worldwide (De Minicis et al. 2013). HCC develops frequently f ...

The fight against B cell cancers, a challenging spectrum of hematologic malignancies, has entered a new era with the introduction of rituximab biosimilars. These biosimilars promise to extend th ...

Exploring the realm of B cells, this piece delves into the intricacies of these white blood cells, pivotal in humoral immunity. Through the lens of CD markers and immunophenotyping, we unravel ...

B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, ...

In the relentless fight against cancer, immunotherapy has emerged as a beacon of hope, harnessing the body's own defenses to combat malignant cells. Yet, predicting which patients will respond to th ...

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to e ...

What is CD52? Cluster Of Differentiation 52 (CD52) is a highly expressed membrane glycoprotein which is present on the surface of immune cel ...

What You Need to Know About PolatuzumabWhat is Polatuzumab??Polatuzumab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD79b, a component of the B-cell receptor, used primarily in B-ce ...

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and diffe ...

Dr. Melissa Conroy, TTMI I am an immunologist and senior research fellow in the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery at Trinit ...

Introduction to TLR4 and Cancer Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for detecting infections and initiating inflammator ...

Breakthrough Discovery: Epstein-Barr Virus Identified as Primary Trigger for Lupus A groundbreaking study published in November 2025 has provided the most definitive evidence to date that the common ...

By Dr. Niclas Thomas “Data science” is a recent addition to the vocabulary of analytics, and can mean many different things to different people. As f ...

What is Hepatocyte Growth Factor? Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that is mainly produced by the liver. HGF is a pleiotrophic cytokine that regulates cell growth, motili ...

Quick Facts About ObinutuzumabWhat is Obinutuzumab?Obinutuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, primarily used in treating B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leuke ...

Quick Facts About RituximabWhat is Rituximab?Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, a protein found on the surface of B cells. It plays a crucial role in treating autoimmune ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-induced ...

Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are glycoproteins produced by B cells and plasma cells. They play a central role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing pat ...

Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways ...

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson's disease can be seen as a neurodegenerative disease because it is associated with the loss of nerve ce ...

Background I am a 3rd year PhD student in Trinity College Dublin and my project is very much an interdisciplinary one. I’m very lucky to get to work between two great labs, Dr. Aisling Dun ...

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppress ...

What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a pharmacological product that gives the recieving patient's immune system a chance to learn how to fight infection with decreased risk of illness. Vacc ...

What You Need to Know About IscalimabWhat is Iscalimab?Iscalimab (CFZ533) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD40, a key protein involved in immune system regulation.What is the mechani ...

CD Markers Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers play an important role in the differentiation of B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) c ...

Clinical pathology labs play a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing critical diagnostic testing services for a wide array of diseases and conditions. These laboratories are desig ...

Quick Facts About IanalumabWhat is Ianalumab?Ianalumab is a monoclonal antibody currently being investigated for its potential in treating autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus and im ...

What You Need to Know About MilatuzumabWhat is Milatuzumab?Milatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD74, a molecule involved in antigen presentation and cell signaling.

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease ba ...

What You Need to Know About InebilizumabWhat is Inebilizumab?Inebilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD19, a protein expressed on B cells, to treat autoimmune disea ...

Pancreatic cancer survival rates Despite recent advances in our understanding of this disease, pancreatic cancer is one of the world’s most lethal maligna ...

Quick Facts About AlemtuzumabWhat is Alemtuzumab?Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like ...

Alzheimer's disease stands as a formidable challenge in the realm of neurological disorders, characterized by its progressive nature and profound impact on cognitive functions. This article delv ...

Pyroptosis is an immunogenic form of cell death, meaning that it triggers an immune response. This makes pyroptosis a potentially promising target for immunotherapies that aim to bo ...

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their cruc ...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a condition in which activated enzymes and inflammatory mediators released from the pancreas cause damage to the pancreas and surrounding tissues. AP is fur ...

CAR T-cell therapy CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell Therapy is a type of cancer treatment. CAR T-cells are made in the laboratory and they have an artificially created receptor on th ...

Key Points Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAF ...

Delve into the world of C-reactive protein (CRP), a critical player in the body's response to inflammation, and understand its role in health and disease. Key Takeaways C-reacti ...

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Quick Facts About BelimumabWhat is Belimumab?Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. It is marketed under the brand n ...

What You Need to Know About TocilizumabWhat is Tocilizumab?Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, widely used for managing autoimmune and i ...

Quick Facts About NaratuximabWhat is Naratuximab?Naratuximab is an anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target B-cell malignancies, particularly non-Hodgkin ly ...

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Orga ...

You are only part human. In some ways, you are as much bacteria as you are mammal, and in some ways bacteria make up far more of you than your own familiar cells and genes! It is becoming ...

By Ciara Coleman PhD General Introduction Coeliac Disease (CD) is defined as a common, chronic inflammatory di ...

Microglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Glial ...

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) stands out as a pivotal cytokine in the complex network of immune system communication. Its role in regulating various immune cell types has drawn considerable attention ...

What is CD31? CD31, also known as PECAM-1, was originally described as a cell surface antigen present on platelets and megakaryocytes. CD31 is ...

What is Cortisol? Cortisol is a steroid hormone, classified as a member of the glucocorticoid family of hormones. Cortisol is involved in a plethora of physiological processes in order ...

What You Need to Know About DupilumabWhat is Dupilumab?Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting key cytokines ...

What is Neuroimmunology? Neuroimmunology is a multidisciplinary scientific field dedicated to investigating the intricate and bidirectional interactions between the ...

BDNF Overview Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a central mediator of neuroplasticity, a term used to describe the ability of neuron ...

What if our first line of immune defense, the innate immune system, could learn from past encounters to fight future battles more effectively? For decades, we believed this was the exclusive domain o ...

What You Need to Know About BermekimabWhat is Bermekimab?Bermekimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD47 receptor, developed to modulate the immune system and improve conditions ...

Adhesion Molecules Direct cell-cell interactions are maintained and regulated by cell adhesion molecules. The expression of adhesion molecule ...

In the realm of immunotherapy, T cell expansion has emerged as a pivotal strategy, holding promise in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. T cells are a critical component o ...

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19? ...

What is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to produce sweat and thick mucus. CF causes mucus to build up in ...

Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatme ...

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, triggers an immune response that produces antibodies detectable by laboratory tests. Diagnosing syphilis often involves detecting the ...

In the realm of immunology, CXCL chemokines emerge as fascinating conductors. These small proteins, marked by their CXC motif, wield considerable influence over our immune responses and a r ...

By Catríona Dowling, Post-Doc, RCSI I want you to come on a journey with me where we are going to the botanic gardens. You will pick a section of the garden that is yours: yours to treasure ...

IL-8 Overview Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, was discovered over 30 years ago as a small molecule that could promote chemotaxis and induce the production ...

Thanks to the great intuitions of brilliant scientists like Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, Emil von Behring, Gaston Leon Ramon, Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk in the past century, the ...

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target f ...

Quick Facts About PonsegromabWhat is Ponsegromab?Ponsegromab is an investigational monoclonal antibody developed by Pfizer, primarily studied for its potential in treating heart failure ...

IgA Testing: Complete Diagnostic Guide + Interpretation Methods | Expert ProtocolsThe IgA test, also known as immunoglobulin A test, is a diagnostic tool used to measure the levels ...

Only 1% of our blood is made up of white blood cells, but they have a significant impact. Alternatively referred to as leukocytes, white blood cells. We are shielded from disease an ...

Quick Facts About VixarelimabWhat is Vixarelimab?Vixarelimab is an investigational monoclonal antibody developed to target oncostatin M receptor beta (OSMRβ), a key pathway involved in ...

Rapid Antibody & Antigen tests available from Assay Genie ...

What are Autoimmune Diseases? Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, tissues, and organ ...

What is preeclampsia? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in ten pregnant women is affected by hypertensive disorders, and preeclampsia ...

What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell ...

For decades, immunologists believed that only adaptive immunity—the sophisticated system of T cells and B cells—could form lasting memories of past infections. The innate immune system, our body's fi ...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the realm of regenerative medicine due to their unique properties and versatile potential. Originally discovered in the bone marro ...

Quick Facts About SecukinumabWhat is SecukinumabSecukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key cytokine involved in inflammatory and autoimmune respon ...

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II ...

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Quick Facts About PlonmarlimabWhat is Plonmarlimab?Plonmarlimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting GM-CSF, a cytokine involved in inflammation and immune responses.How does Plonmarlimab ...

The prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders has risen dramatically in recent decades, presenting a significant global health challenge. Adipose tissue, once considered mer ...

The Brain's Sentinels: How Microglia Shape Neuroinflammation in Disease In the intricate landscape of the human brain, a silent, ever-watchful guardian stands ready to defend against injury and inva ...

The complex interplay between chemokines and cytokines is fundamental to the immune system's function, orchestrating the body's response to infection, inflammation, and injury. This detailed anal ...

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: The Body's Hidden Arsenals in the Fight Against Cancer Imagine a battlefield within the body, where the immune system stands as the last line of defense against the rel ...

What is Gut Inflammation? The gut, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a long tube that starts from the mouth and extends to the anus. It includes various organs suc ...

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Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules in Adaptive Immunity The adaptive immune system is in part regulated by a vast array of co-stim ...

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Adipocytokines or adipokines are bioactive molecules that are produced by adipose tissue. They comprise cytokines, chemokines coagulation factors and factors involved ...

Product CitationsMore than 1,000 cited products in scientific journalsWe're not just any scientific company; our products have made waves in the scientific community. From groundbreaking ...

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex ...

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