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Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer ELISA and Western Blot are both antibody-based protein detection methods. ELISA is faster, higher through

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) via Droplets and Aerosols What is COVID-19? COVID-19, the disea

Immunology · Antibody ProductionHybridoma Technology: How Monoclonal Antibodies Are MadeHybridoma technology, pioneered by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975, is the method that made monoclonal

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppressing T

Introduction to PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in Cancer ImmunotherapyThe PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway has been instrumental in cancer immunotherapy, with PD-1 (programmed death-1) inhibi

In the realm of immunotherapy, T cell expansion has emerged as a pivotal strategy, holding promise in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. T cells are a critical component of

Quick Facts About LirilumabWhat is Lirilumab?Lirilumab is an anti-KIR monoclonal antibody designed to enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity by blocking killer-cell immunoglobulin-lik

Introduction Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton and are composed of alpha and beta tubulin. These dimerise in a head to tail fashion to form 13 linear protofilaments.

The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpoi

Quick Facts About LemzoparlimabWhat is Lemzoparlimab?Lemzoparlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a protein known for its role in helping tumors evade the immune system. By

Quick Facts About NadecnemabWhat is Nadecnemab?Nadecnemab is an investigational monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, a key immune checkpoint protein involved in cancer evasion.How Does

Understanding the Role of APOE in Neurodegenerative DiseasesRecent findings reveal that a specific gene variant, APOE, significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, highlig

Quick Facts About UliledlimabWhat is Uliledlimab?Uliledlimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD47, a checkpoint protein that helps tumors evade immune system detection. By blocking CD

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune c

Spatial Transcriptomics: Mapping the Future of Medicine at Cellular Resolution Imagine being able to create a detailed map of a city, not just showing the streets and buildings, but also revealing th

Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring the efficient recycling of cellular components. Through this p

For years, the success of CAR-T cell therapy has been a beacon of hope in the fight against blood cancers, offering remarkable remissions where other treatments have failed. Yet, solid tumors—the form