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PD-1 PD-L1 Pathway Diagram(Page)
CXCL16 – Review(Post)
CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem
B7-H4: A New Frontier in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition(Post)The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpoi
Anti-PD-L1: Targeting Tumor Evasion with Immune Checkpoint Blockade(Post)IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the progr
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab: Advancing Research on CTLA-4 in Cancer Therapy(Post)What You Need to Know About IpilimumabWhat is Ipilimumab?Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, a protein involved in downregulating the immune system, to boost the bod
Vibostolimab: Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and Research Potential in Oncology(Post)Key Facts About VibostolimabWhat is Vibostolimab?Vibostolimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed by Merck, targeting immune checkpoint pathways to enhance anti-tumor immunity
CTLA-4 in Breast Cancer: Insights for Immunotherapy(Post)The Role of CTLA-4 in Breast Cancer: Implications for ImmunotherapyBreast cancer (BC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality
After Tocilizumab, IL-6 Goes Up. That Is the Drug Working.(Post)Tocilizumab reverses cytokine release syndrome within hours, and it never touches the cell that started it. That sentence contains the whole mechanism. The trigger is a T cell — engaged by a CAR, a b
Tumour Inflammation & Signaling | Assay Genie(Post)By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with infl
CAR-NK Cell Therapy: The Next Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy(Post)For decades, the fight against cancer has been a relentless battle of incremental gains. While immunotherapies like CAR-T cell therapy have offered revolutionary hope, their personalized nature, high
Relatlimab: Unlocking the Potential of LAG-3 Inhibition in Cancer Research(Post)Quick Facts About RelatlimabWhat is Relatlimab?Relatlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), a key immune checkpoint involved in T-cell regulatio
Natalizumab: Mechanism, Applications, and Emerging Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Crohn's Disease(Post)Quick Facts About NatalizumabWhat is Natalizumab?Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease. It works by blocking immune cells from at
EGF Family (Post)Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which triggers ligand-induced d
The role of IL-18 in health and disease(Post)Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II
PD-1 & PD-L1 Inhibitors(Post)PD-1 & PD-L1 interaction between T-cells and tumour cells. What are PD-1 and PD-L1? PD-1, also known as programmed cell death 1, is a receptor expressed on t
Tiragolumab: Unlocking New Horizons in Cancer Immunotherapy(Post)Quick Facts About TiragolumabWhat is Tiragolumab?Tiragolumab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed to enhance immune responses against cancer cells. It is currently under invest
CD39: A Novel Target to Overcome Immunosuppression in Cancer(Post)Introduction to CD39 and Cancer Immunosuppression CD39 is an ectonucleotidase enzyme that plays a crucial role in generating adenosine, a powerful immunosuppressive molecule within the tu
Varlilumab: Unlocking CD27’s Potential in Cancer Research(Post)What You Need to Know About VarlilumabWhat is Varlilumab?Varlilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD27, a receptor on T-cells that plays a critical role in immune modulation.What is
LILT: A Novel Immune Checkpoint for Cancer Therapy(Post)Recent advances in immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of targeting immune checkpoints to enhance the immune system’s ability to combat cancer. A new potential target in this gr
Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an