4161 results for 'lymphocytes'

Quick Facts About AlemtuzumabWhat is Alemtuzumab?Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD52, primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and certain cancers like ...

Antigen's are foreign molecules recognised by the immune system. Antigens can be protein, carbohydrate, lipid or nucleic acid molecules. Examples include viruses and bacteria as well as f ...

SARS-CoV-2 Background COVID-19 is characterised by a series of biological markers. In some instances, these biomarkers can be used as potent ...

What is CD52? Cluster Of Differentiation 52 (CD52) is a highly expressed membrane glycoprotein which is present on the surface of immune cel ...

Mononuclear cells, as the name suggests, refer to a group of white blood cells characterized by the presence of a single nucleus. Understanding the nature, function, and significanc ...

Introduction T lymphocytes are type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. There are many different types of T cells, and it is important to be able to di ...

Quick Facts About ObinutuzumabWhat is Obinutuzumab?Obinutuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, primarily used in treating B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leuke ...

Thanks to the great intuitions of brilliant scientists like Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, Emil von Behring, Gaston Leon Ramon, Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk in the past century, the ...

Quick Facts About RituximabWhat is Rituximab?Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, a protein found on the surface of B cells. It plays a crucial role in treating autoimmune ...

What You Need to Know About MilatuzumabWhat is Milatuzumab?Milatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD74, a molecule involved in antigen presentation and cell signaling.

CD25, a key molecule in immune regulation, is integral to the function of activated lymphocytes and regulatory T cells. It's central in mediating immune responses, with implications in autoimmune ...

Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping is a technique used in the field of immunology and cell biology to identify and classify cells based on the specific proteins ...

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS || new Array(); wi ...

Understanding the Bcl-2 Pathway: Implications for Cancer Therapy The Bcl-2 family of proteins plays a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis, a crucial process for maintaining cellula ...

Quick Facts About BelimumabWhat is Belimumab?Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. It is marketed under the brand n ...

CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are a critical component of the immune system. They play a vital role in defending the body against viral infections, intracel ...

Only 1% of our blood is made up of white blood cells, but they have a significant impact. Alternatively referred to as leukocytes, white blood cells. We are shielded from disease an ...

Exploring LAG-3: A Key Regulator in T Cell ImmunityLAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3) is an inhibitory receptor that plays a crucial role in modulating T cell activation and effector functions. Thi ...

B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, ...

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19? ...

What are MHC Class I molecules? The MHC class I is a glycoprotein that is expressed on all nucleated cells of the human body. MHC class I are important in disease defense against viruses, b ...

Quick Facts About IanalumabWhat is Ianalumab?Ianalumab is a monoclonal antibody currently being investigated for its potential in treating autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus and im ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD Similar to IL-33, IL-36R ligands are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Analogous to IL-33, d is local ...

What are Natural Killer Cells? Natural Killer (NK) cells are a vital subset of lymphocytes, belonging to the same family as B cells and T cells, collectively known a ...

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and diffe ...

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rem ...

By Ciara Coleman PhD General Introduction Coeliac Disease (CD) is defined as a common, chronic inflammatory di ...

What You Need to Know About IpilimumabWhat is Ipilimumab?Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, a protein involved in downregulating the immune system, to boost the bo ...

CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a che ...

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with inf ...

Quick Facts About RelatlimabWhat is Relatlimab?Relatlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), a key immune checkpoint involved in T-cell regulati ...

CD Markers Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers play an important role in the differentiation of B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) c ...

Introduction to BTLA in Immune Regulation B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses by suppress ...

In the realm of immunotherapy, T cell expansion has emerged as a pivotal strategy, holding promise in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. T cells are a critical component o ...

Quick Facts About ZilovertamabWhat is Zilovertamab?Zilovertamab is a monoclonal antibody targeting ROR1, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in hematologic cancers and solid tumors ...

Key Facts About DaratumumabWhat is Daratumumab?Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, a protein highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells.How does Darat ...

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By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD The genes of the IL-36 family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 2 [1]. All three activating ligands, IL-36α, IL-36β ...

Imagine a battlefield where the enemy doesn't just hide from soldiers—it actively sabotages their weapons. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells have evolved a devious strategy: they transfer t ...

Interleukin signaling is involved in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and immunity. Interleukins are glycoproteins which act on hem ...

Quick Facts About MonalizumabWhat is Monalizumab?Monalizumab is a first-in-class immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting NKG2A, developed to enhance anti-tumor immune response by blocking ...

Chemokines are small signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by directing the movement of cells, orchestrating immune responses, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Th ...

The initial identification of PD-1 as a potential target for cancer treatment occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s through studies exploring the regulation of T-cell responses ...

Mouse monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the biomedical field. They can be used for a variety of applications, from research to clinical diagnostics. In this blog post, we ...

Introduction to SLAMF7 in Cancer Immunotherapy SLAMF7, also known as Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule F7, is a surface receptor found on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, ...

Interferons are key cytokines in the immune system, crucial for combating viral and bacterial infections, with significant roles in both innate and adaptive immunity responses. Key Takeaways ...

Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are glycoproteins produced by B cells and plasma cells. They play a central role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing pat ...

Antibodies are a special class of Y shaped proteins that help guard your body from invading viruses and bacteria. They do this by either neutralizing the dangerous substance ...

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. It has gained significant attention in the field o ...

Introduction Discover the multifaceted role of CD33, a critical player in immune function and disease, shaping our approach to treating cancers and neurodegenerative condition ...

Ahmad Gazali PhD candidate, University of Eastern Finland Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, a key hormone involve ...

The fight against B cell cancers, a challenging spectrum of hematologic malignancies, has entered a new era with the introduction of rituximab biosimilars. These biosimilars promise to extend th ...

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) stands out as a pivotal cytokine in the complex network of immune system communication. Its role in regulating various immune cell types has drawn considerable attention ...

Dr. Melissa Conroy, TTMI I am an immunologist and senior research fellow in the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery at Trinit ...

In the intricate dance between the immune system and cancer, tumors often deploy cunning strategies to evade destruction. A groundbreaking 2025 study in Nature has unveiled a startling new tactic: ca ...

For decades, the fight against cancer has been a story of incremental gains. But what if we could fundamentally shift the battlefield, turning the body's own immune system into a precision-guided wea ...

For decades, the fight against cancer has been a relentless battle of incremental gains. While immunotherapies like CAR-T cell therapy have offered revolutionary hope, their personalized nature, hig ...

Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) is a cutting-edge technique used to isolate individual cells from a sample and analyse their properties. In this guide, we will discuss the basic ...

Quick Facts About NaratuximabWhat is Naratuximab?Naratuximab is an anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target B-cell malignancies, particularly non-Hodgkin ly ...

Immune evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer, where tumor cells employ various strategies to suppress immune responses and prevent destruction by the body’s defense systems. CD200, a ...

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris ...

Quick Facts About UtomilumabWhat is Utomilumab?Utomilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting 4-1BB (CD137), a co-stimulatory receptor on T-cells, designed to enhance anti-tumor immunity ...

Hybridoma cells are essential tools for producing monoclonal antibodies and are derived by fusing B lymphocytes (antibody-producing cells) with myeloma cells (cancer cells) to achieve bo ...

In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mo ...

What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and ...

What is Immunometabolism? Immunometabolism is an exponentially growing, multi-disciplinary field of research aiming at deciphering the dynamic cellular and mol ...

The Role of CTLA-4 in Breast Cancer: Implications for ImmunotherapyBreast cancer (BC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortalit ...

CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses, particularly in activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) a ...

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Help ...

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment options, offering strategies to harness the immune system to target and destroy tumors. One emerging area of interest is the use of OX40 ...

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a significant role in eliminating tumor cells. Unlike T cells, NK cells can recognize and kill canc ...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune ...

Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways ...

IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the prog ...

Imagine a future where cancer cells, once masters of disguise, are forced to reveal themselves and even train the body's immune system to fight back. This isn't science fiction; it's the groundbreak ...

Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring the efficient recycling of cellular components. Through this ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD ...

Complete T Helper Cell Guide: Th1, Th2, Th17 & Functions - Your Ultimate Resource from Assay GenieIn this guide, we will explore the differences between TH1 and TH2 cells, their cruc ...

Introduction to KIR Blockade in Cancer ImmunotherapyNatural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the innate immune system, responsible for recognizing and destroying virally infe ...

The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within the intricate network of immune cells, CD11b, also known as inte ...

Introduction to TLR4 and Cancer Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for detecting infections and initiating inflammator ...

Introduction to CD122 in Immunotherapy CD122, also known as the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rβ), is a critical component of the immune system's response to pathogens and ...

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and survival. In recent years, GIT ...

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target f ...

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What is preeclampsia? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in ten pregnant women is affected by hypertensive disorders, and preeclampsia ...

Introduction to CD73 and Tumor Immunosuppression CD73, also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is an enzyme found on the surface of various cells, including tumor cells and immune cells ...

Introduction to CD39 and Cancer Immunosuppression CD39 is an ectonucleotidase enzyme that plays a crucial role in generating adenosine, a powerful immunosuppressive molecule within ...

As atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease, there are many influential biomarkers that contribute to the disease’s progression as well as biomarkers from atherosclerosis related d ...

The Complement System Function Gone are the days when the complement system was considered solely a companion of its impressive adaptive immune system count ...

Imagine an elite squad of soldiers sent to neutralize a hidden fortress, only to find themselves wandering aimlessly in a thick, disorienting fog just outside the gates. This is the current reality ...

Welcome to an exploration of the evolutionary trajectory and significance of the innate immune system - the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens. In this scientific jou ...

Monocytes, as part of the innate immune system, act as the first line of defense against foreign invaders. One of their primary functions is phagocytosis, a crucial process in which they engul ...

In the field of immunology and biomedical research, antibodies play a crucial role in identifying and targeting foreign substances in the body. However, not all antibodies are the same. In this b ...

Introduction to PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in Cancer ImmunotherapyThe PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway has been instrumental in cancer immunotherapy, with PD-1 (programmed death-1) inhib ...

Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules in Adaptive Immunity The adaptive immune system is in part regulated by a vast array of co-stim ...

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Flow Cytometry Antibodies Validated Antibodies for Flow Cytometry! Explore FC Antibodies window.SHOGUN_IMAGE_ELEMENTS = window.SHOGUN_IMAG ...

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High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex ...