9896 results for 'tgf beta'

Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathogen

Low-dose IL-2 expands regulatory T cells. High-dose IL-2 expands the cells they exist to restrain. Same cytokine, same receptor family, opposite clinical intent — and the explanation is a receptor su

Quick Facts About AducanumabWhat is Aducanumab?Aducanumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target and reduce amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.What

Anti-angiogenic therapy does not work by starving tumours, and the trials that assumed it did are the reason the field spent a decade disappointed. Cutting off the blood supply was the original pitch

A macrophage does not decide to eat; it counts votes. Every particle it touches carries a mixture of pro-phagocytic and inhibitory ligands, and engulfment follows only when the activating tally clear

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance by suppressing excessive immune responses that could lead to tissue damage. However, in the context of cancer,

CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers and there are 630,000 new cases diagnosed every year worldwide (De Minicis et al. 2013). HCC develops frequently fr

In the periphery, co-stimulation rescues a T cell. In the thymus, the same molecules kill it. A peripheral T cell that engages its receptor without CD80 and CD86 becomes anergic; engage them and it r

Not one immune cytokine on this pathway touches bone. TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A all act on osteoblasts, osteocytes and synovial fibroblasts, and it is those stromal cells that decide between RANKL

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by prog

Two asthma biologics have opposite effects on the blood eosinophil count, and both of them work. Mepolizumab empties the eosinophil compartment; dupilumab can transiently raise it. If that seems cont

Imagine a microscopic sniper, capable of delivering a lethal blow to a single cancer cell while leaving its healthy neighbors virtually untouched. This is the promise of targeted alpha therapy, a rev

Haematology · HaemostasisPlatelets: Formation, Structure, Activation and Clinical SignificancePlatelets are anucleate fragments shed from megakaryocytes, and they carry out primary haemostasis — adher

If your knockout showed a type 2 phenotype and you attributed it to Th2 cells, there is a reasonable chance you were looking at something else. Innate lymphoid cells run T-bet, GATA3 and RORγt — not

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Helpe