10358 results for 'filter i face'

Chemistry · Acid-BaseDeprotonation: Mechanism, pKa and Choosing the Right BaseDeprotonation is the removal of a proton from a molecule to give its conjugate base. Whether it happens, and how completel

Quick answer On the GDF-6 (Growth Differentiation Factor 6) ELISA Kit, a researcher saw an elevated blank (OD ≈ 0.41) with the two lowest standards reading at or below it, and no signa

Methods · FluorescenceFRET Assays: Principle, Förster Radius and Measurement MethodsFRET transfers energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor without emitting a photon, and the effi

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris,

Key Points Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refe

By Natalia Siomava, PhD Cretinism is a severe medical condition of intellectual disability caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroi

Immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment by leveraging the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. A key player in this process is Inducible T-cell

Protocols · Western BlottingBoiling Proteins for Western BlottingHeating protein samples in SDS loading buffer denatures proteins and coats them in a uniform negative charge for clean SDS-PAGE s

Imagine a living drug, engineered from a patient's own immune system, that can hunt down and destroy cancer cells with remarkable precision. This isn't science fiction; it's the reality of Chimeric An

Molecular Biology · Techniques Guide Types of PCR – 7 Methods, Principles & Applications PCR stands as a cornerstone in molecular biology, ena

The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpoi

Biochemistry · Protein Guide Amino Acids: Types, Functions, Structure & Essential Guide The 20 standard amino acids are the building blocks of

For decades, the fight against cancer has been a grueling battle of attrition, with treatments often as harsh as the disease itself. But a revolutionary approach, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cel

Quick Facts About FarletuzumabWhat is Farletuzumab?Farletuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting folate receptor alpha (FRα), a protein overexpressed in ovarian and other epi

Cellular Senescence in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Double-Edged Sword In the intricate world of cancer biology, some of our body's most potent defense mechanisms can paradoxically turn against us. Cell

Quick Facts About NarsoplimabWhat is Narsoplimab?Narsoplimab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets MASP-2, a key enzyme in the lectin pathway of the complement system.What is the m

Biomarkers · InflammationC-Reactive Protein (CRP): Structure, Function and Clinical UseCRP is the most widely measured marker of inflammation in medicine — fast to rise, fast to fall, and entirely non

For decades, immunologists believed that only adaptive immunity—the sophisticated system of T cells and B cells—could form lasting memories of past infections. The innate immune system, our body's fir

By Dr. Lisa Dwane, Postdoctoral Researcher, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The first link between estrogen and breast cancer was made in the late 1

Techniques · Apoptosis DetectionTUNEL Staining: The Method of Choice for Measuring Cell DeathTUNEL staining is a gold-standard technique for detecting apoptosis in situ. By labelling the fragmented DN

Danka Kozareva PhD Candidate, University College Cork The generation of neurons from stem cells The process of generating

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rema

Techniques · Gene DeliveryTransduction vs Transfection: Understanding Gene Delivery TechniquesTransduction and transfection are the two main routes for introducing genetic material into cells. Transdu

Imagine a world where we can fold the very fabric of life into microscopic machines, guiding the growth of a single neuron with the precision of a master architect. This isn't science fiction; it is

By John Bannon PhD Early Cytokinesis Early cytokinesis; from anaphase to midbody formation cytokinesis is the physical s

By Anusha Senevirante, Post-Doctoral researcher, Imperial College London With non-communicable diseases (or NCDs, which include heart disease, diabetes, ca

Immune Regulation in COVID-19: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2 Infection What is COVID-19?

Introduction to CD39 and Cancer Immunosuppression CD39 is an ectonucleotidase enzyme that plays a crucial role in generating adenosine, a powerful immunosuppressive molecule within the tu

Introduction to CD73 and Tumor Immunosuppression CD73, also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is an enzyme found on the surface of various cells, including tumor cells and immune cells. It p

Pancreatic cancer survival rates Despite recent advances in our understanding of this disease, pancreatic cancer is one of the world’s most lethal malignan

By Sinead Kinsella PhD The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is a regulatory machinery for protein turnover in t

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease based on

Exploring DNA's essence, this guide illuminates its structure, function, and purification techniques, essential in fields like medicine and biotechnology. Key Takeaways: DNA's Struct

Introduction to TNFRSF9 and Its Role in Immune ActivationTNFRSF9, also known as 4-1BB or CD137, is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on the surface of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiplex. Sandwich ELISA is

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative haematopoietic malignancy, characterised by a karyotypic abnormality present in more than 95% of cases known as the Philadelph

By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with infl

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Organ

Immunology · Innate ImmunityInnate Immunity: Components, Functions & First Line of DefenceThe innate immune system is the body’s first line of defence — a fast, non-specific response built from physic

by Ryan Wallis, PhD Aging and Disease Imagine a world where everything you do is missing just a little piece and as time goes on you start to lose sense entirely. This is the deva

Nod-like receptors Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a versatile family of relatively recently discovered intracellular receptors which have a br

Cell Signalling · EnzymologyProtein Kinases: Function, Classification, Structure and InhibitorsProtein kinases transfer a phosphate group from ATP onto specific residues of target proteins, switching

Sample Preparation · ImmunoassaySerum vs Plasma: Key Differences and When to Use EachSerum and plasma come from the same blood draw but are not interchangeable. One is collected after clotting, the ot

Cancer Biology · Cell Signallingp53: Structure, Signalling, Regulation and Mutation in Cancerp53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and the reason is structural: a single tetrameric

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 an

ST2, a member of the IL-1R Subfamily ST2 is a member of the IL-1R subfamily and was identified in 1989 [1]. The ST2 gene is located on chromoso

Cell Biology · PathologyNecrosis: Types, Causes, Mechanisms and How It Is MeasuredNecrosis is cell death accompanied by membrane rupture and release of intracellular contents — which is what makes it

The Complement System Function Gone are the days when the complement system was considered solely a companion of its impressive adaptive immune system counte

What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell f

细胞培养指南——技术与方案 | Assay Genie