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NF-κB Signalling Pathway: Canonical and Non-Canonical Routes(Post)
NF-κB is not one pathway, it is two clocks running at different speeds. The canonical arm fires within minutes of TNF-α, IL-1β or LPS reaching the surface, peaks, and is switched off by feedback it e
Evita falsos positivos: isotipos y controles para investigadores(Post)Un isotipo es la clase de inmunoglobulina que define la región constante de su cadena pesada, y el organismo humano produce cinco: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD e IgE. Cada uno tiene una forma distinta, apar
Tween 20 en ELISA: concentración, función y errores frecuentes(Post)Tween 20 en ELISA: concentración, función y errores frecuentes Sí: Tween 20 (Polysorbate 20) es el tensioactivo estándar en los buffers de lavado de ELISA. La regla práctica es optimizar la concentra
Pancreatic Cancer and its Poor Prognosis(Post)Myrna Hurtado, PhD Student, University of North Texas Health Science Center Advancements in modern medicine have resulted in significantly prolonging and a
CD80: Amplifying Immune Activation Through Co-Stimulatory Pathways(Post)Introduction to CD80 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD80 is a critical immune checkpoint molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation through co-stimulatory pathways. Exp
Test rápido combinado de antígeno A+B influenza y COVID – 19 (hisopo nasofaríngeo)(Page) Antibody Light Chains, Heavy Chains, Constant Regions & Tumour-Associated Antigens(Post)Immunology · Antibody BiologyAntibody Light Chains, Heavy Chains, Constant Regions & Tumour-Associated AntigensAn antibody’s specificity comes from its variable domains and its biological effect comes
VEGF: Inflammation and Tumourigenesis(Post)What is VEGF? Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) are a group of homodimeric polypeptides, and are master regulators of vascular development, maintenance and a
What are MHC Class I and II molecules?(Post)What are MHC Class I molecules? The MHC class I is a glycoprotein that is expressed on all nucleated cells of the human body. MHC class I are important in disease defense against viruses, ba
Macrophage Phagocytosis and the CD47–SIRPα Checkpoint Explained(Post)A macrophage does not decide to eat; it counts votes. Every particle it touches carries a mixture of pro-phagocytic and inhibitory ligands, and engulfment follows only when the activating tally clear
4 étapes pour des comptes rendus ELISA défendables en laboratoire(Post)Un compte rendu ELISA exploitable réunit l’objectif de l’essai, la référence et le lot du kit, la méthode suivie, les densités optiques brutes, le modèle d’ajustement retenu (4PL ou 5PL) et les fa
What Causes Acute Pancreatitis?(Post)Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a condition in which activated enzymes and inflammatory mediators released from the pancreas cause damage to the pancreas and surrounding tissues. AP is furt
How do different types of vaccines work? (Post)What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a pharmacological product that gives the recieving patient's immune system a chance to learn how to fight infection with decreased risk of illness. Vacci
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment(Post)Microbiology · Bacterial PathogensStreptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis & TreatmentStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that colonises the
Targeting USP22 to Boost Anticancer Immunity(Post)Targeting USP22: A New Approach to Enhance Anticancer Immunity Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, the intricate relationship between immune e
Antigen Processing and Presentation: MHC-I, MHC-II, Cross-Priming(Post)Every T-cell response begins with a protein being taken apart. Before a CD8 or CD4 T cell can see anything, an antigen has to be degraded into peptides of the right length, delivered to the right com
Allorecognition Pathway: Transplant Rejection, DSA and GvHD(Post)Transplant rejection is the fastest, most violent adaptive immune response a body can mount — and it is a response to a molecule rather than to a pathogen. Somewhere between one and ten per cent of a
Garantía en reactivos de laboratorio: qué exigir y cómo comprobarla(Post)Garantía en reactivos de laboratorio: qué exigir y cómo comprobarla Una garantía útil de reactivos ofrece certificado de análisis (COA) por lote, ficha de seguridad (SDS) y reemplazo o reembolso si e
CD4+ T Cells: Unveiling the Role of Helper and Regulatory T Cells(Post)CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Helpe
Breakthrough Discovery: Epstein-Barr Virus Identified as Primary Trigger for Lupus(Post)Breakthrough Discovery: Epstein-Barr Virus Identified as Primary Trigger for Lupus A groundbreaking study published in November 2025 has provided the most definitive evidence to date that the common E