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TLR4: Unraveling the Role of Inflammation in Cancer Progression(Post)
Introduction to TLR4 and Cancer Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for detecting infections and initiating inflammatory resp
The Notch Signalling Pathway: Its Steps and Impacts(Post)Notch signalling pathway review The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved intercellular signalling pathway that regulates various cellular processes. The Notch receptor is a transmem
Innate Viral Immunity & RIG-I in COVID-19(Post)RIG-I: Antiviral Properties in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Key Points RIG-I is a cytosolic RNA h
Growth Factors: Key Players in Biological Processes(Post)Cell Signalling · Growth FactorsGrowth Factors: Families, Receptors and Signalling PathwaysGrowth factors are secreted proteins that instruct cells whether to divide, differentiate, migrate or survive
Anifrolumab: Transforming Lupus Treatment with Targeted Immunotherapy(Post)Quick Facts About AnifrolumabWhat is Anifrolumab?Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the type I interferon receptor, playing a crucial role in treating systemic lupus eryth
LAG-3: Key Regulator of T Cell Immunity(Post)Exploring LAG-3: A Key Regulator in T Cell ImmunityLAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3) is an inhibitory receptor that plays a crucial role in modulating T cell activation and effector functions. This
The Complement System - pathways & function in the immune system(Post)The Complement System Function Gone are the days when the complement system was considered solely a companion of its impressive adaptive immune system counte
TNF alpha & Inflammation(Post)Immunology · Cytokine SignallingTNF-alpha and Inflammation: Structure, Signalling & TherapyTumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. Sig
An Overview of the glycoprotein GM-CSF(Post)This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in imm
The double-edged sword in prostate cancer therapy(Post)By Zoe Angel, PhD Student, Ulster University Prostate cancer is now the commonest cancer in men and it is the fifth leading cause of death (1). Researchers h
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)(Post)Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. It has gained significant attention in the field of
Enavatuzumab: Revolutionizing Cancer Research Through Novel Therapeutics(Post)Quick Facts About EnavatuzumabWhat is Enavatuzumab?Enavatuzumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the TWEAK receptor (Fn14), pivotal in tumor growth and immune regulation.What is the me
Varlilumab: Unlocking CD27’s Potential in Cancer Research(Post)What You Need to Know About VarlilumabWhat is Varlilumab?Varlilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD27, a receptor on T-cells that plays a critical role in immune modulation.What is
Platelet Adhesion Proteins and Ligands: Key Players in Hemostasis and Thrombosis(Post)Platelet adhesion is a critical process in the maintenance of hemostasis, the body's response to bleeding. This intricate process involves a series of interactions between platelets, the cellular
Delete Every Microglial Cell, Then Ask What Changed(Post)Block one receptor and more than 90% of the microglia in a mouse brain are dead within a week. Not impaired — gone. Stop the block and they come back, repopulating from the survivors within another w
No Cytokine on This Pathway Touches Bone(Post)Not one immune cytokine on this pathway touches bone. TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A all act on osteoblasts, osteocytes and synovial fibroblasts, and it is those stromal cells that decide between RANKL
CAR-T Cell Signalling Pathway: Costimulation, Output and Assays(Post)A chimeric antigen receptor is a synthetic protein wired into a real signalling pathway. The extracellular half is an antibody fragment; everything below the membrane is borrowed from the T-cell rece
CD11b: Macrophages and Microglia Marker(Post)The immune system plays a critical role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within the intricate network of immune cells, CD11b, also known as integ
TAM and MDSC Signalling: Myeloid Reprogramming Pathway Guide(Post)In most solid tumours the largest immune population is not a T cell. It is a myeloid cell that has been recruited, expanded and re-educated by the tumour itself. Tumour-associated macrophages and mye
TIGIT, DNAM-1 and the CD155 Axis: Pathway, Function and Assays(Post)CD155 is read by four different receptors, and only one of them turns the killing programme on. The nectin and nectin-like ligands induced on stressed and transformed cells are simultaneously an acti