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PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Signalling: Pathway, Function and Assays(Post)
PD-1 does not switch a T cell off; it moves the threshold. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 recruits a single phosphatase into the immunological synapse, and that one recruitment event is enough to collap
JAK-STAT Signalling and Cytokines: The What, How, and Why(Post)Cell Signalling · CytokinesJAK-STAT Signalling: Mechanism, Regulation and InhibitorsJAK-STAT is the shortest route from a cytokine outside the cell to a change in gene transcription — receptor engagem
Iscalimab: Advancing Research in Autoimmune Diseases and Transplantation(Post)What You Need to Know About IscalimabWhat is Iscalimab?Iscalimab (CFZ533) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD40, a key protein involved in immune system regulation.What is the mechanis
IgE and Mast Cells: The Cell Is Armed in Advance(Post)The mast cell is loaded long before the allergen arrives. IgE bound to FcεRIα is not waiting to be recruited the way an antibody waits for antigen in a serum assay — it is already installed on the ce
Two Asthma Drugs, Opposite Eosinophil Counts, Both Working(Post)Two asthma biologics have opposite effects on the blood eosinophil count, and both of them work. Mepolizumab empties the eosinophil compartment; dupilumab can transiently raise it. If that seems cont
In the Thymus, Co-stimulation Kills(Post)In the periphery, co-stimulation rescues a T cell. In the thymus, the same molecules kill it. A peripheral T cell that engages its receptor without CD80 and CD86 becomes anergic; engage them and it r
Litifilimab: A Promising Anti-BDCA2 Antibody for Lupus Treatment(Post)Quick Facts About LitifilimabWhat is Litifilimab?Litifilimab is a monoclonal antibody developed by Biogen targeting BDCA2, a receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), to regulate
TIGIT/DNAM-1/CD155 (PVR) Checkpoint Axis(Page) Antigen Processing and Presentation: MHC-I, MHC-II, Cross-Priming(Post)Every T-cell response begins with a protein being taken apart. Before a CD8 or CD4 T cell can see anything, an antigen has to be degraded into peptides of the right length, delivered to the right com
인터루킨 8 시그널링(Page) PCR Detection of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)(Post)PCR Detection of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Contents Background Assay Information Sample Types Upp
Heterogeneity of Type 1 diabetes in children(Post)Ahmad Gazali PhD candidate, University of Eastern Finland Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, a key hormone involved in t
Tumour Inflammation & Signaling | Assay Genie(Post)By Charlotte O’Donnell PhD Inflammation and Cancer The link between inflammation and cancer is well established, with infl
Understanding T Cell Fatigue: Implications for Immune Function and Therapeutic Interventions(Post)T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and differ
Nfkb signalling pathway · HTM(Page) 4-1BB: Energizing Immune Cells to Overcome Tumor Resistance(Post)Immunotherapy has become a central pillar in the fight against cancer, with a focus on enhancing the body’s natural defenses. Among the molecules at the forefront of immunotherapeutic res
ICOS: Stimulating the Immune System for Superior Cancer Therapy(Post)Immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment by leveraging the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. A key player in this process is Inducible T-cell
Targeting VISTA: Unleashing the Power of T Cells in Cancer Therapy(Post)V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an emerging immune checkpoint receptor that plays a key role in suppressing T cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Mouse Multiplex Inflammation ELISA Panels(Page) Tocilizumab: Advancing Therapeutics and Research with Biosimilars(Post)What You Need to Know About TocilizumabWhat is Tocilizumab?Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, widely used for managing autoimmune and in