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Liposomal nanosilver encapsulation for cytotoxic assays(Post)
Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatmen
Macrophage, M1 & M2, Polarization and Function(Post)What is a Macrophage? Macrophages are indeed a type of phagocyte, responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and cellular debris. They are larger cells with more cytoplasm an
Diabetic Nephropathy & Diabetic Mellitus(Post)Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major epidemic that affects over 347 million people worldwide (Danaei et al. 2011). The World Hea
Cytokine Storms: What happens when the immune system overreacts?(Post)Immunology · HyperinflammationCytokine Storm and Cytokine Release Syndrome: Mechanisms, Triggers and MarkersA cytokine storm is a self-amplifying inflammatory response in which cytokine release drives
Understanding T Cell Fatigue: Implications for Immune Function and Therapeutic Interventions(Post)T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and differ
Targeting Immune Checkpoints as Cancer Therapy(Post)In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mos
Galectin Therapeutics(Post)Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by prog
TA Cloning(Page) Carbon Dioxide sensing in Immune Cells(Post)BRIEF HISTORY OF THE “GREEN” EVOLUTION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE WITHIN OUR ATMOSPHERE Million years ago carbon dioxide (CO2) levels used to be conside
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Navigating the Frontiers of Regenerative Medicine(Post)Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the realm of regenerative medicine due to their unique properties and versatile potential. Originally discovered in the bone marrow
Protease vs Peptidase: Understanding Enzymatic Digestion(Post)Enzymology · Protein DegradationProtease vs Peptidase: Understanding the DifferenceProteases and peptidases are the enzymes that cleave peptide bonds — breaking proteins down into peptides and peptide
CD47: Overcoming Tumor Evasion Through Macrophage Activation(Post)One of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy is how tumors evade immune detection. Among the mechanisms cancer cells exploit, the CD47 pathway has emerged as a major player in helping
Daratumumab: Advancing Research in Multiple Myeloma and Beyond(Post)Key Facts About DaratumumabWhat is Daratumumab?Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, a protein highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells.How does Daratu
In Vivo depletion atlas(Page) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neurodegenerative disease(Post)By Sinead Kinsella PhD The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is a regulatory machinery for protein turnover in t
Inflammation and the aging process(Post)by Ryan Wallis, PhD Aging and Disease Imagine a world where everything you do is missing just a little piece and as time goes on you start to lose sense entirely. This is the deva
The Bioelectronic Revolution: How Vagus Nerve Stimulation is Redefining Autoimmune Therapy(Post)Imagine a future where chronic autoimmune diseases, once managed by powerful pharmaceuticals with challenging side effects, are instead calmed by a gentle electrical pulse. This isn't science fiction
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: Gateways to Neural Communication(Post)Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are pivotal in the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are not only crucial for normal brai
5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE(Post)Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun
cGAS-STING Signalling: Pathway, Regulation and Key Assays(Post)Double-stranded DNA in the cytosol is always a mistake. A virus has uncoated, a mitochondrion has ruptured, a micronucleus has burst, or a chromosome has been broken and left unrepaired. cGAS treats