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Chemokines are highly conserved cytokines that control the movement of cells around the body. All 45 members of the chemokine family can be divided into 4 subfamilies depending on th

What is the Coronavirus Spike Protein? COVID-19, the newest coronavirus to gain international attention, is caused by severe acute respirator

Cancer Metabolism is the mechanism by which cancer cells make energy in order for them to grow and spread. Even in the presence of oxygen, cancer cells increase glucose uptake and produce lactate,

Cancer cells are adept at avoiding destruction by the immune system, often exploiting specific pathways to escape detection and elimination. One of these key mechanisms involves the SIRPα

Spatial Transcriptomics: Mapping the Future of Medicine at Cellular Resolution Imagine being able to create a detailed map of a city, not just showing the streets and buildings, but also revealing th

Cell Cycle · KinasesCyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases: Regulation, Substrates and Mitotic ControlCDKs are inactive on their own. They require a cyclin partner, and because cyclin levels rise and fa

IntroductionCancer cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly through the inhibition of T-cell responses. One such mechanism involves the progr

Cellular Senescence in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Double-Edged Sword In the intricate world of cancer biology, some of our body's most potent defense mechanisms can paradoxically turn against us. Cell

CD155 is read by four different receptors, and only one of them turns the killing programme on. The nectin and nectin-like ligands induced on stressed and transformed cells are simultaneously an acti

Haematology · HaemostasisPlatelets: Formation, Structure, Activation and Clinical SignificancePlatelets are anucleate fragments shed from megakaryocytes, and they carry out primary haemostasis — adher

For years, the success of CAR-T cell therapy has been a beacon of hope in the fight against blood cancers, offering remarkable remissions where other treatments have failed. Yet, solid tumors—the form

What is von Willebrand Factor? Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is a crucial glycoprotein that plays a fundamental role in blood clotting and hemostasis. Produced by endot

Quick Facts About NarsoplimabWhat is Narsoplimab?Narsoplimab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets MASP-2, a key enzyme in the lectin pathway of the complement system.What is the m

In the intricate world of cancer biology, a silent conversation is constantly unfolding between tumor cells and their environment. For decades, we viewed this dialogue as a one-way street, with cancer

For decades, immunologists believed that only adaptive immunity—the sophisticated system of T cells and B cells—could form lasting memories of past infections. The innate immune system, our body's fir

Quick answer A researcher measuring dopamine in mouse brain tissue got no detectable signal and, with many samples to run, asked whether the full standard curve could be skipped to sav

HMGB1 Functional Overview High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family, was first identified in the thymus in 1973 an

Immunology · Innate LymphocytesNatural Killer Cells: Receptors, Subsets and FunctionNK cells kill without prior sensitisation and without antigen-specific receptors, using a balance of activating and