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We know it gets tiring being in the lab every day, especially with the evenings getting darker and gloomier. So, to get you in the festive spirit, we're holding a competition to win money to th

A chimeric antigen receptor is a synthetic protein wired into a real signalling pathway. The extracellular half is an antibody fragment; everything below the membrane is borrowed from the T-cell rece

Immunology · T LymphocytesCD8+ T Cells: Cytotoxic Mechanisms, Memory and ExhaustionCD8+ T cells kill infected and transformed cells directly, and they do it with a specificity nothing else in the immu

Natural killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a significant role in eliminating tumor cells. Unlike T cells, NK cells can recognize and kill cance

CD4+ T cells are central to the immune system, functioning as coordinators of immune responses and regulators of immune tolerance. These cells are divided into two primary subtypes: Helpe

Immunology · Innate LymphocytesNatural Killer Cells: Receptors, Subsets and FunctionNK cells kill without prior sensitisation and without antigen-specific receptors, using a balance of activating and

Immunology · Antigen PresentationDendritic Cells: Markers, Activation and SubtypesDendritic cells are the professional antigen-presenting cells that decide whether an immune response happens at all. T

ILC2 - Function, Cytokines, and Role in Health and Disease A quick guide to IL2C

Exploring LAG-3: A Key Regulator in T Cell ImmunityLAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3) is an inhibitory receptor that plays a crucial role in modulating T cell activation and effector functions. This

Explore antigen presentation's crucial role in adaptive immunity and its impact on cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the diversity and function of MHC class I molecules. Key Takeaway

Cell Signalling · MetabolismThe mTOR Signalling PathwaymTOR is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival, integrating nutrient, growth-factor and energy signals through two comp

Flow Cytometry · Cell SortingGuide to Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialised form of flow cytometry that physically isolates individual c

Cell counting is an important part of many different scientific experiments, enabling researchers to gather crucial data about cell populations and their characteristics. In this step-by-st

Chemokines are small signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by directing the movement of cells, orchestrating immune responses, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The

Introduction to CD86 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD86 is a crucial co-stimulatory molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation, driving the immune system’s ability to

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari