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T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function(Post)
T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari
Top 10 Universities in the UK(Post)Before I even started my PhD I was already thinking about carrying out PostDoc in a foreign country and had my sights set on going to the US. I had previously carried out a degree in Genetics
Biomarker Testing: Advancements, Applications, and Future Directions(Post)Biomarkers, measurable indicators of biological processes or responses to therapeutic interventions, play a pivotal role in modern healthcare. They provide clinicians with valuable information
Plasma Membrane Markers(Post)What is a Plasma Membrane? The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a vital component of all cells. It is a thin, semi-permeable barrier that separate
Research Universities in Ireland(Post)Since I am from Ireland I thought I would give as comprehensive view as possible for Research Universities in Ireland. By now you are probably considering looking for a PhD or PostDoc positi
Investigating orthohantavirus infections with proteomics(Post)Sarah Brun Bar-Yaacov PhD Candidate, University of Liverpool Orthohantaviruses are a group of segmented negative-sense RNA viruses maintained as asympto
Targeting Immune Checkpoints as Cancer Therapy(Post)The advent of immune checkpoint targeting marks a significant milestone in the oncological field, offering a beacon of hope for patients battling cancer. This innovative approach leverages the bod
Clinical Pathology Labs List: Overview, Services, and Importance(Post)Clinical pathology labs play a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing critical diagnostic testing services for a wide array of diseases and conditions. These laboratories are design
Targeting Immune Checkpoints as Cancer Therapy(Post)In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mos
Metabolic Bloodhounds: Engineering Immune Cells to Track Cancer's Chemical Trail(Post)Imagine a specialized squad of immune cells, meticulously trained and equipped, not just to fight cancer, but to sniff it out by its unique metabolic scent. This isn't science fiction; it's the groun
Dendritic Cells: Tracing the Developmental Lineage Pathway(Post)Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal in the immune system, orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding their developmental lineage pathway is crucial in immunology, particularly
Renal Cell Carcinoma: Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Kidney Cancer(Post)Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, originating in the lining of the proximal renal tubules. RCC accounts for approximately 90% of all kidney cancers and
Phosphorothioate: Enhancing Stability in Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies(Post)Phosphorothioate is a chemical modification commonly used in oligonucleotide-based therapies to enhance the stability and efficacy of therapeutic nucleic acids. In this modification, one
Treponema pallidum Antibodies: Comprehensive Guide to Diagnostic and Clinical Relevance(Post)Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, triggers an immune response that produces antibodies detectable by laboratory tests. Diagnosing syphilis often involves detecting thes
BDNF in inflammation and neuropathologies(Post)BDNF Overview Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a central mediator of neuroplasticity, a term used to describe the ability of neurons
Exploring the Frontier of Immunotherapy: T Cell Expansion(Post)In the realm of immunotherapy, T cell expansion has emerged as a pivotal strategy, holding promise in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer. T cells are a critical component of
Harnessing CD40 for Potent Anti-Tumor Immune Responses(Post)CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses, particularly in activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) an
Neuroinflammation and Compulsive Behavior: The Role of Astrocytes in OCD(Post)Imagine a mind trapped in a loop, endlessly repeating actions or thoughts, driven by an invisible force. For millions worldwide, this is the reality of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). While trad
Macrophage Activation: A Keystone in Immune Response and Therapeutic Potential(Post)In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris,
CXCL16 – Review(Post)CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem
Diabetic Retinopathy: premature cellular senescence and microvascular dysfunction(Post)By Pietro Maria Bertelli, PhD Candidate, Queens University Belfast Introduction Eye complications are very frequent in patients with diabetes, and thi
The Transformative Era of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Modern Medicine(Post)The inception of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has heralded a new dawn in the realm of biomedical research and regenerative medicine, setting the stage for groundbreaking advancements in
TIGIT: A New Frontier in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease Immunotherapy(Post)TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) has emerged as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. As a checkpoint receptor, TIGIT
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) – Review(Post)Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) were first discovered in the 1960s by Dr.Marshall Urist, an orthopaedic surgeon at UCLA (Urist 1965). BMPs are classically associated with their roles in limb
Innate Immune System Explained: Step-by-Step Process & Key Concepts(Post)Immunology · Cell BiologyCells of the Innate Immune System: Types, Functions and MarkersThe innate immune system responds within minutes, without prior exposure, using cells that recognise conserved m
CD25 and Tregs: Understanding the Role of Regulatory T Cells in Tumor Immunity(Post)Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance by suppressing excessive immune responses that could lead to tissue damage. However, in the context of cancer,
Anti-CTLA-4: Unleashing the Power of T Cells in Combination Immunotherapy(Post)Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune c
Exosomes: Tiny Messengers Revolutionizing Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy(Post)In the intricate world of cancer biology, a silent conversation is constantly unfolding between tumor cells and their environment. For decades, we viewed this dialogue as a one-way street, with cancer
Immunopeptidomics: Mapping the Hidden Landscape of the Cancer Immunome(Post)Imagine a high-stakes game of hide-and-seek where the seeker is your immune system and the hider is a master of disguise: cancer. For decades, we believed the 'wanted' posters for tumor cells were li
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and cancer immunotherapy(Post)Explore antigen presentation's crucial role in adaptive immunity and its impact on cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the diversity and function of MHC class I molecules. Key Takeaway
Estrogen and Breast Cancer: a Nuclear (Receptor) War(Post)By Dr. Lisa Dwane, Postdoctoral Researcher, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The first link between estrogen and breast cancer was made in the late 1
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: The Body's Hidden Arsenals in the Fight Against Cancer(Post)Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: The Body's Hidden Arsenals in the Fight Against Cancer Imagine a battlefield within the body, where the immune system stands as the last line of defense against the rele
Microcalcifications in breast cancer: Novel insights into the molecular mechanism and functional consequences(Post)Shane O’Grady, PhD student, RCSI Cancer is a disease that will, unfortunately, touch all of our lives at some point, directly or indirectly. Despite decades
KIR Blockade: Empowering NK Cells for Superior Tumor Clearance(Post)Introduction to KIR Blockade in Cancer ImmunotherapyNatural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the innate immune system, responsible for recognizing and destroying virally infec
Platinum based cancer drugs and next generation therapeutics(Post)Platinum based cancer drugs Despite nearly 50% of all anti-cancer treatments being platinum-based, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics
B7-H3: A Promising New Target in Tumor Immunotherapy(Post)B7-H3, also known as CD276, is a member of the B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules that has emerged as a compelling target in tumor immunotherapy. Initially recognized for its role i
DNA Origami in the Brain: How Nanoscale Structural Folding Governs Neural Development(Post)Imagine a world where we can fold the very fabric of life into microscopic machines, guiding the growth of a single neuron with the precision of a master architect. This isn't science fiction; it is
B Cells: Function, Types, Activation & Role in Immunity(Post)B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, play
Exploring Cellular Senescence: Defining Cell Morphology, Aging & Cell Division(Post)Introduction Cellular senescence is a fascinating phenomenon that plays a crucial role in the aging process and various age-related diseases. It is essential to explore the cellular
CRISPR-Powered Light Sensors: A New Frontier in Ultra-Sensitive Cancer Detection(Post)Cancer detection often relies on advanced imaging or invasive procedures, frequently catching the disease at later, more challenging stages. Imagine a future where a simple, non-invasive test could s
Transfection: A Comprehensive Guide (Post)Transfection protocols play a crucial role in the realm of molecular biology and genetic research, enabling the introduction of foreign nucleic acids into living cells. This innovati
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) – Review(Post)Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative haematopoietic malignancy, characterised by a karyotypic abnormality present in more than 95% of cases known as the Philadelph
Microglial Functions: Immune Response + Neuroinflammation(Post)Key Takeaways: Microglia are immune cells in the CNS, originating from myeloid precursor cells. They surveil the CNS, respond to changes, and maintain neural health. Microglia exist in diff
Microtubule and Mitosis review(Post)Introduction Microtubules are key components of the cytoskeleton and are composed of alpha and beta tubulin. These dimerise in a head to tail fashion to form 13 linear protofilaments.
Mechanisms of HIV persistence during HAART(Post)HIV Virus: Replication Cycle and Pathogenesis in absence of HAART The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a formidable pathogen that has posed a significant global
Pancreatic Cancer and its Poor Prognosis(Post)Myrna Hurtado, PhD Student, University of North Texas Health Science Center Advancements in modern medicine have resulted in significantly prolonging and a
Flow Cytometry Protocol | 10 Hints & Tips(Post)Lab Methods · Flow CytometryFlow Cytometry Protocol: Two Worked Protocols, Controls and 10 Practical TipsFlow cytometry measures individual cells in a fluid stream at hundreds per second, reporting si
JAK-STAT Signalling and Cytokines: The What, How, and Why(Post)Cell Signalling · CytokinesJAK-STAT Signalling: Mechanism, Regulation and InhibitorsJAK-STAT is the shortest route from a cytokine outside the cell to a change in gene transcription — receptor engagem
Top 10 Therapeutics(Page) Wnt Signalling Pathway in Immunity(Post)What is Wnt Signalling? The Wnt signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of determining cell f
Toll-like Receptor Signalling in Neurodegenerative Disease(Post)Toll-Like Receptors The innate immune response has come under the spotlight in recent years due to its central role in propagating the pathogen