10648 results for 'type'

Both interferon families run through STAT1, and that single shared subunit is why they are so often conflated — and why conflating them is a mistake. Type I interferon assembles STAT1 into a three-pa

Microglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Glial

Ahmad Gazali PhD candidate, University of Eastern Finland Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the pancreatic β cells that produce insulin, a key hormone involved in t

Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping is a technique used in the field of immunology and cell biology to identify and classify cells based on the specific proteins o

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiplex. Sandwich ELISA is

T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari

Cell Biology · PathologyNecrosis: Types, Causes, Mechanisms and How It Is MeasuredNecrosis is cell death accompanied by membrane rupture and release of intracellular contents — which is what makes it

B Cell Types, Antigen Recognition & Activation A comprehensive guide to B cells! Introduction B cells, a vital component of the immune system, play

What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a pharmacological product that gives the recieving patient's immune system a chance to learn how to fight infection with decreased risk of illness. Vacci

Biochemistry · Protein Guide Amino Acids: Types, Functions, Structure & Essential Guide The 20 standard amino acids are the building blocks of

Molecular Biology · Techniques Guide Types of PCR – 7 Methods, Principles & Applications PCR stands as a cornerstone in molecular biology, ena

Biochemistry · Cell SignallingPhosphorylation: Types, ATP Synthesis and Cell SignallingAdding a phosphate group is how cells both store energy and switch proteins on and off. The same chemistry underl

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) stands out as a pivotal cytokine in the complex network of immune system communication. Its role in regulating various immune cell types has drawn considerable attention

Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun

Waardenburg Syndrome: A Rare Genetic Disorder Affecting Pigmentation, Hearing, and More Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a fascinating and rare genetic disorder that impacts various aspe

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signalling proteins that are produced and released from cells in response to viral infection and other stimuli such as normal and tumour cell survival and

Stem Cells: What are they and how they can help treat diseases Stem cells are a unique population of cells that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized ce