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Hybridoma Technology: Revolutionizing Antibody Production(Post)
Immunology · Antibody ProductionHybridoma Technology: How Monoclonal Antibodies Are MadeHybridoma technology, pioneered by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975, is the method that made monoclonal
Mouse Monoclonal Antibody(Post)Mouse monoclonal antibodies are a valuable tool in the biomedical field. They can be used for a variety of applications, from research to clinical diagnostics. In this blog post, we will di
Exploring Organelle Markers: Illuminating the Cellular Landscape(Post)The eukaryotic cell is a complex and dynamic system with distinct membrane-bound compartments known as organelles, each performing specialized functions essential for cellular survival. To better
Anti-Tag Antibodies(Page) Car t signalling pathway · H(Page) CAR-T cell signalling(Page) Passaging Hybridoma Cells: A Detailed Guide(Post)Cell Culture · ProtocolsPassaging Hybridoma Cells: A Detailed GuideHybridomas are productive but temperamental. They grow in suspension, are sensitive to shear and to overgrowth, and — the problem tha
The Role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2(Post)Structure, Function, and Detection Assays for COVID-2019 Background The global spread of the novel cor
Understanding the Autophagy Pathway: A Critical Process in Cellular Maintenance(Post)Cell Biology · Protein DegradationThe Autophagy Pathway: Mechanism, Regulation and How to Measure ItAutophagy is the cell’s route for degrading and recycling its own contents — damaged organelles, agg
Tocilizumab (Actemra®) in COVID-19 Treatment(Post)Tocilizumab (Actemra®) in COVID-19 Treatment What is Tocilizumab? Tocilizumab, also called atlizumab, is an immunosuppress
Macrophage Phagocytosis & the CD47–SIRPα Checkpoint(Page) CAR-T Cell Signalling Pathway: Costimulation, Output and Assays(Post)A chimeric antigen receptor is a synthetic protein wired into a real signalling pathway. The extracellular half is an antibody fragment; everything below the membrane is borrowed from the T-cell rece
Mitophagy: The Cell's Cleanup Crew for Healthy Living(Post)Mitophagy, a term derived from the fusion of "mitochondria" and "autophagy," represents a vital cellular process responsible for the targeted degradation and recycling of dysfunctional mitochon
CXCL16 – Review(Post)CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem
Zebrafish against cretinism and hypotonia(Post)By Natalia Siomava, PhD Cretinism is a severe medical condition of intellectual disability caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroi
Autophagy in Focus: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Insights(Post)Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays an indispensable role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring the efficient recycling of cellular components. Through this p
NK Cell Cytotoxicity Pathway: Receptors, Signalling and Assays(Post)A natural killer cell decides by subtraction. It carries no rearranged antigen receptor and no memory of what it has seen. It presses a panel of germline-encoded receptors against a target and integr
Transduction vs Transfection: Understanding Gene Delivery Techniques(Post)Techniques · Gene DeliveryTransduction vs Transfection: Understanding Gene Delivery TechniquesTransduction and transfection are the two main routes for introducing genetic material into cells. Transdu
Avoid Reagent Risk: Polyclonal vs Monoclonal Antibodies for Researchers(Post)For reproducible, isoform-specific detection, choose a monoclonal antibody; for robust detection across multiple epitopes or faster turnaround, choose a polyclonal antibody. The real tradeoff is epit
Polyclonal Vs Monoclonal antibodies: Key features (Post)Antibodies · Reagent GuideMonoclonal vs Polyclonal Antibodies: Key DifferencesMonoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are the two workhorse reagent types in research, diagnostics and therapy. Monoclonals
Autophagy alterations in Alzheimer’s disease(Post)By Diana-Madalina Stan, PhD student, University of Salford Disease Description Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a neu
T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function(Post)T Cell Types, Activation, Polarization & Function A comprehensive guide to T cells! Introduction T-cells, vital components of the immune system, encompass vari
Denosumab: A Comprehensive Overview of Mechanism, Applications, and Research Advances(Post)Biologics · Bone MetabolismDenosumab: RANKL Inhibition, Clinical Applications and BiosimilarsDenosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, the cytokine that drives osteoclast formation
How Cancer Cells Hijack Immune Defenses Through Mitochondrial Transfer(Post)Imagine a battlefield where the enemy doesn't just hide from soldiers—it actively sabotages their weapons. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells have evolved a devious strategy: they transfer th
CRISPR-Cas Screening for Cell Viability(Post)Key Points Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a method of gene editing that uses t
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils & Mast Cells(Post)Immunology · Myeloid CellsGranulocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils and BasophilsGranulocytes are the leukocytes with cytoplasmic granules and lobed nuclei — neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. They
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Assays: An Insight into Molecular Interactions(Post)Methods · FluorescenceFRET Assays: Principle, Förster Radius and Measurement MethodsFRET transfers energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a nearby acceptor without emitting a photon, and the effi
Innate Immune System Explained: Step-by-Step Process & Key Concepts(Post)Immunology · Cell BiologyCells of the Innate Immune System: Types, Functions and MarkersThe innate immune system responds within minutes, without prior exposure, using cells that recognise conserved m
The Lenti Viral Vector System: A New Way to Deliver Genetic Therapies(Post)Gene Delivery · Viral VectorsLentiviral Vectors: Design, Production and Use in Gene DeliveryLentiviral vectors integrate their cargo into the host genome and transduce dividing and non-dividing cells