10614 results for 'small 3'

Small molecule inhibitors represent a significant advancement in the field of therapeutic interventions, offering a versatile approach to treating a myriad of diseases, including cancer, viral in ...

Understanding Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: Key Players in T Cell RegulationThe immune system's ability to regulate T cell responses is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and combating diseases such as c ...

In the evolving landscape of biochemical research and diagnostic assay development, the ability to label non-antibody proteins and small molecules with high precision has become indispensable. Th ...

Quick Facts About Rovalpituzumab TesirineWhat is Rovalpituzumab Tesirine?Rovalpituzumab Tesirine (Rova-T) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target DLL3, a protein overexpr ...

Understanding the EGFR Pathway and YAP in Non-Small Cell Lung CancerThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung ...

Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, representing about 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC includes several subtypes, with distinct biological c ...

Exploring the Role of TIM-3/Gal-9 in Antiparasitic ImmunityIntroductionThe immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that work together to defend the body against pathogens, including ...

Exploring LAG-3: A Key Regulator in T Cell ImmunityLAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3) is an inhibitory receptor that plays a crucial role in modulating T cell activation and effector functions. Thi ...

Delve into the role of Cleaved Caspase-3 in programmed cell death and its implications in disease pathologies, unraveling its regulatory mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target.

Quick Facts About RelatlimabWhat is Relatlimab?Relatlimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets LAG-3 (Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3), a key immune checkpoint involved in T-cell regulati ...

Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a critical role in regulating T cell function. In recent years, LAG-3 has emerged as a potential target f ...

Quick Facts About CobolimabWhat is Cobolimab?Cobolimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets TIM-3, a checkpoint protein involved in immune regulation, especially in cancer and autoimmu ...

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a pivotal role in T cell exhaustion, a state where T cells lose their ability to e ...

Over the past few years momentum has gained in the scientific publishing community for researchers to publish their data in open access scientific journals. Open access to published research o ...

Chemokines are small signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by directing the movement of cells, orchestrating immune responses, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Th ...

Quick Facts About TarextumabWhat is Tarextumab?Tarextumab is a novel therapeutic antibody designed to target the Notch signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression ...

Introduction Claudins are a family of proteins that play a critical role in the formation of ...

RNA interference (RNAi), also referred to as Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS), is the process by which RNA molecules silence genes in response to double-stranded RNA. RNA interference ( ...

For decades, cancer drug development has focused on blocking proteins—inhibiting enzymes, antagonizing receptors, disrupting signaling pathways. Yet this approach leaves a vast landscape of disease- ...

Quick Facts About DurvalumabWhat is Durvalumab?Durvalumab (Imfinzi) is a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor used in immunotherapy to treat various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer ...

Quick Facts About RamucirumabWhat is Ramucirumab?Ramucirumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), inhibiting angiogenesis, a pr ...

Quick Facts About Patritumab DeruxtecanWhat is Patritumab Deruxtecan?Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) is an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER3, a receptor impl ...

Key Facts: PembrolizumabIs Pembrolizumab Safe?Pembrolizumab is widely recognized as safe for most patients, with side effects ranging from mild to severe. Commonly reported side effects ...

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible and ultimately fatal disease characterized by pro ...

Quick Facts About TiragolumabWhat is Tiragolumab?Tiragolumab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed to enhance immune responses against cancer cells. It is currently under inves ...

Quick Facts About LorvotuzumabWhat is Lorvotuzumab?Lorvotuzumab is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target CD56, a surface antigen commonly overexpressed in neuroendocrine t ...

Platelets, the tiny cellular fragments found in our blood, play a crucial role in maintaining our overall health and well-being. From their role in blood clotting to their involveme ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~9 min read Quick Answer The five main types of ELISA are sandwich, competitive, direct, indirect and multiple ...

Quick Facts About AtezolizumabWhat is Atezolizumab?Atezolizumab is an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody used in immunotherapy to treat various cancers by enhancing the immune system's abil ...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a critical hormone in the regulation of glucose metabolism and has garnered significant attention due to its therapeutic potential in managing diabetes ...

Understanding the Functionality of a Hemocytometer Hemocytometers have be ...

In recent years, the field of oncology has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of immunotherapy, a treatment modality that harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer. Among the mo ...

What You Need to Know About LusvertikimabWhat is Lusvertikimab?Lusvertikimab is a monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit the IL-4 receptor, a key player in regulating immune responses, ...

Quick Facts About TigatuzumabWhat is Tigatuzumab?Tigatuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the death receptor 5 (DR5) pathway, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.What is the mec ...

Kinases, key enzymes in cellular signaling, phosphorylate proteins to regulate crucial processes, and their modulation has significant implications in disease treatment. Key Takeaways: K ...

Quick Facts About CetuximabWhat is Cetuximab?Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), widely used in cancer therapy.How does Cetuximab w ...

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, originating in the lining of the proximal renal tubules. RCC accounts for approximately 90% of all kidney cancers and ...

By Sonika Singh PhD candidate, University of Nottingham A Devastating Disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and inflammatory disease ba ...

What Are GPCRs? GPCRs, or G protein-coupled receptors, are a large family of membrane proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling. They are involved in tran ...

IL-8 Overview Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, was discovered over 30 years ago as a small molecule that could promote chemotaxis and induce the production ...

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) via Droplets and Aerosols What is COVID-19? COVID-19, the dise ...

In the realm of molecular biology and biochemistry, gel electrophoresis stands as a cornerstone technique for the separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Central ...

By Ciara Coleman PhD General Introduction Coeliac Disease (CD) is defined as a common, chronic inflammatory di ...

In the realm of biomedical imaging, the quest for precision and clarity drives researchers to explore innovative technologies. One such breakthrough is the Cy3 wavelength, a powerful tool revo ...

What is Gut Inflammation? The gut, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a long tube that starts from the mouth and extends to the anus. It includes various organs suc ...

Millions of people are afflicted with cancer each year. 2016 statistics for the USA alone show over half a million deaths attributed to cancer 1. We have come a long way from our early unders ...

In this blog post, we will review prostate cancer markers and what you should look for in your results. Prostate antigen marker (PSA) and p63 are the most common markers found in pr ...

Quick Facts About EnapotamabWhat is Enapotamab?Enapotamab is an experimental antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) developed to target tumor cells selectively, offering new hope in cancer treat ...

Key Facts About VibostolimabWhat is Vibostolimab?Vibostolimab is an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody developed by Merck, targeting immune checkpoint pathways to enhance anti-tumor immunit ...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's immune system to fight malignancies. Among the notable advancements in this field is the development of immune ...

Biomarkers, measurable indicators of biological processes or responses to therapeutic interventions, play a pivotal role in modern healthcare. They provide clinicians with valuable information ...

Quick Facts About IcrucumabWhat is Icrucumab?Icrucumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.How Do ...

Quick Facts About BevacizumabWhat is Bevacizumab?Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibiting angiogenesis (the formation of n ...

The Enteric Nervous system (ENS) is one of the largest subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System. This remarkable system is embedded between sheets of smooth muscle cells of the intestina ...

Introduction to CD86 and Its Role in Immune Activation CD86 is a crucial co-stimulatory molecule that plays an essential role in T cell activation, driving the immune system’s abili ...

Introduction Tumorigenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells, is a multifaceted and complex event influenced by various internal and external factors. Among th ...

The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought new opportunities to harness the body’s immune system against tumors. Among these advancements is the targeting of immune checkpo ...

This article provides an overview of the protein Zonulin (function, structure, location). It describes tight junction proteins, leaky gut and Zonulin-related diseases. This includes celiac diseas ...

CD Markers Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers play an important role in the differentiation of B cells, T cells and NK (natural killer) c ...

Structure, Function, and Detection Assays for COVID-2019 Background The global spread of the novel co ...

By Juan Quintana, PhD student, University of Edinbrugh What are Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)? The World Health Orga ...

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What You Need to Know About IpilimumabWhat is Ipilimumab?Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets CTLA-4, a protein involved in downregulating the immune system, to boost the bo ...

I have been in the situation that I’m sure many of us have. I work on genes, which if you name to any right-minded individual, sound like a random string of nonsensical gibberish. So, mayb ...

The initial identification of PD-1 as a potential target for cancer treatment occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s through studies exploring the regulation of T-cell responses ...

Polo-like kinase (Plk1) Polo-like kinase (Plk1), is a serine/threonine kinase that is active during mitosis (Hamanaka et al., 1995). Its name is derived from its orig ...

Microglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Glial ...

Nanosilver is the most commercialised nanoparticle routinely used for its antibacterial purposes in food preservation, cosmetic and health products such as medical devices and wound treatme ...

Growth factors play a vital role in the complex web of biological processes, serving as key regulators in various essential events. They exert significant influence over cruc ...

What You Need to Know About VopratelimabWhat is Vopratelimab?Vopratelimab is an experimental monoclonal antibody that targets the Inducible T-cell CO-Stimulator (ICOS) protein, playing ...

Imagine a battlefield where the enemy doesn't just hide from soldiers—it actively sabotages their weapons. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells have evolved a devious strategy: they transfer t ...

What You Need to Know About PrezalumabWhat is Prezalumab?Prezalumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target CD47, a protein often overexpressed in cancer cells to evade immune detec ...

Writer’s block can be a big stumbling block when trying to write your PhD thesis, grant or a paper you are trying to get publish. During the early stages of writing my PhD thesis I s ...

The Ebola virus has been in the news a lot lately, but many people still don't know what it is or how it spreads. In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of the Ebola virus: w ...

Ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Ovarian cancer is when the normal cells in the ovary change and grow to form a tumour. Because the ovaries are located deep ...

By Charlotte O'Donnell PhD ...

Phosphorothioate is a chemical modification commonly used in oligonucleotide-based therapies to enhance the stability and efficacy of therapeutic nucleic acids. In this modification, one ...

1. What is a Biosimilar? A biosimilar is a biologic medical product that is highly similar to an already-approved reference biologic. While minor differences in clinically inactive ...

Written by Seán Mac Fhearraigh, PhD  •  Updated: 19 May 2026  •  ~10 min read Quick Answer A sandwich ELISA uses two antib ...

What is the blood-brain barrier? The Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a system of vessels that acts as a structural and chemical barrier between the brain and the rest of the body's circul ...

As a PhD student delving deep into the realm of cellular biology, there is one antagonist that consistently challenges my research: mycoplasma. This microscopic bacterium, with its ...

Quick Facts About RagifilimabWhat is Ragifilimab?Ragifilimab is an investigational anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody developed to block the CD47-SIRPα interaction, thereby enhancing macroph ...

Shane O’Grady, PhD student, RCSI Cancer is a disease that will, unfortunately, touch all of our lives at some point, directly or indirectly. Despite decades ...

Introduction Phosphorylation is a fundamental biochemical process that plays a crucial role in various cellular functions. It involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, typ ...

Quick Facts About Tisotumab VedotinWhat is Tisotumab Vedotin?Tisotumab Vedotin (Tivdak™) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) designed to target tissue factor (TF) and is FDA-approved fo ...

The ERK signal transduction pathway stands as a fundamental mechanism in cellular biology, orchestrating a wide array of physiological processes, including cell division, differentiation, and sur ...

SARS-CoV-2, the causative viral agent of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, has sparked a global effort for creating prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The following ...

Ubiquitin is a small, highly conserved protein found in eukaryotic cells that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes. The process of ubiquitination involves the covalent at ...

In the realm of immunology, CXCL chemokines emerge as fascinating conductors. These small proteins, marked by their CXC motif, wield considerable influence over our immune responses and a r ...

Quick Facts About UtomilumabWhat is Utomilumab?Utomilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting 4-1BB (CD137), a co-stimulatory receptor on T-cells, designed to enhance anti-tumor immunity ...

Mycoplasma Testing Mycoplasma Detection & Elimination Kits Visually detect Mycoplasma by eye in 1 hour! View Validation h1.page-heading{ display: ...

Animal Model & Veterinary ELISA Kits Animal ELISA Kits across 20+ Species! Small & Large Animals ...

Co-immunoprecipitation Protocol A detailed guide of how Co-IP works, a step by step Co-IP protocol and some hints & tips for your Co-IP workflow! Introductio ...

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Food Safety ELISA Kits Mycotoxins ELISA Kits Residues & Contaminants ELISA Kits Metabo ...

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At Assay Genie we've developed a range of Cell Death & Ferroptosis assays for researchers to analyse key steps in the Ferroptosis pathway.

Making Scientists Smile...Empowering researchers with cutting-edge products and exceptional support -because great science starts with a smileThe Science of GrowthInnovation never stand ...