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Lab Methods · CentrifugationRPM to G-Force (RCF) Conversion: Formula, Calculator Method and Common ErrorsA protocol that says “spin at 3,000 rpm” is incomplete, because the force a sample experiences

Cell Signalling · Receptor BiologyGPCRs (G Protein-Coupled Receptors): A Complete GuideG protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell-surface receptors in the human genome and the ta

免疫组织化学缓冲液与配方（IHC，中文） | Assay Genie

亚细胞分级分离方案（细胞核/线粒体/胞质，中文） | Assay Genie

What does the COVID-19 Rapid POC CE-IVD Test detect? The test detects the presence of patient-generated antibodies against spike protein, the virus which causes the disease COVID-19. The tes

蛋白质印迹缓冲液与配方（中文） | Assay Genie

Immunology · NeuroscienceHistamine Receptors: H1, H2, H3 & H4 ExplainedHistamine receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors through which histamine controls allergy, gastric acid secretion, neurotr

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Platelet activation plays a pivotal role in hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding and initiates wound healing. Central to this process is the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs

共免疫沉淀（Co-IP）方案（中文） | Assay Genie

His-Tag vs. Fc-Tag: Welcher Fusionstag passt zu Ihrem Protein? His-Tag eignet sich für schnelles Screening und kosteneffiziente Aufreinigung über IMAC. Fc-Tag lohnt sich, wenn Sie Fc-eigene Eigenscha

Explore the complexities of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling and regulation, a crucial aspect in immune response modulation and its dual roles in cancer development and therapy. Key Takeaways:

Mononuclear phagocytes, essential in immunity and homeostasis, perform diverse roles from phagocytosis to tissue repair, influencing health and disease. Key Takeaways: Mononuclear p

蛋白质印迹样本方案（Western Blot，中文） | Assay Genie

Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, poses a significant challenge to cells, necessitating rapid and efficient adaptation mechanisms. The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway is a well-known regula

Cell culture techniques are fundamental to biomedical research, providing crucial insights into cellular functions, drug discovery, and disease mechanisms. A critical step in cell culture is the p

CD16, also known as FcγRIII (Fc gamma receptor III), plays a crucial role in the immune system, serving as a receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). This receptor is a key player in

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CD16, also known as FcγRIII (Fc gamma receptor III), plays a crucial role in the immune system, serving as a receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). This receptor is a key player in

Gene Delivery · Viral VectorsLentiviral Vectors: Design, Production and Use in Gene DeliveryLentiviral vectors integrate their cargo into the host genome and transduce dividing and non-dividing cells

This article breaks down the glycoprotein Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) detailing its structure, function and therapeutic uses. It also describes its role in imm

In Vivo Methods · ProtocolsMouse Injection Guide: Intraperitoneal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular & Intravenous RoutesRoute choice and injection technique determine how much of a dose actually reaches it

The MycoGenie Rapid Mycoplasma Detection Kit enables the detection of 28 Mycoplasma species in under 1 hour using a simple visual determination method, eliminating the need for expensive

Microbiology · Bacterial PathogensStreptococcus pneumoniae: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis & TreatmentStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterium that colonises the

For decades, the primary strategy in cancer treatment has been to trigger apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, in malignant cells. However, many cancers develop resistance to apoptosis-inducin

T cells are central players in adaptive immunity, responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected or aberrant cells. Upon encountering antigens, T cells undergo clonal expansion and differ

Western Blot Protocol & Troubleshooting Guide | 14 Steps + 101 Tips | Assay Genie

Immunology · CytokinesIFN-gamma: Signalling, Function and Roles in Inflammation, Cancer and AutoimmunityInterferon gamma is the sole type II interferon and one of the most consequential cytokines in i

Exploring IL-18: A key cytokine in inflammation and disease. Key Takeaways: IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in immune responses, particularly in inducing Type II

Glutamate receptors are pivotal in mediating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), playing crucial roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity, learning, and memory. The

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by Ryan Wallis, PhD student, QMUL, Blizard Institute The microscopic world of cell biology was first explored by Robert Hooke in the 17th century and published in his work, Microgra

The innate immune system, a primary line of defense against pathogens, comprises various cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among these, the Nod-like Receptor (NLR) signaling pathways play a criti

The angiotensin pathway is a pivotal hormonal system that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance within the body. This complex biochemical

High Sensitivity Cytokine ELISA Kits & Multiplex Panels | Assay Genie

Immunology Guide 5 Types of Immunoglobulins: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD & IgE The five antibody classes that drive immune defence — their structure, fun

免疫组织化学规程指南（IHC，中文） | Assay Genie

Understanding the dynamics of sodium and potassium ions within biological systems is crucial for deciphering cellular processes and developing therapeutic strategies. Sodium and potassium indicato

Cryopreservation of stimulated T cells is a common technique in immunology research, allowing for long-term storage while maintaining their functional viability. Stimulated T cells—especi

Immunology · Cell IsolationPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): Composition, Isolation and UseMononuclear cells are the leukocytes with a single, unlobed nucleus — lymphocytes and monocytes. Is

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to a trio of scientists for their groundbreaking work on peripheral immune tolerance, a mechanism that prevents our immune system from a

Two drugs aimed at the same axis can give opposite results in the same disease. Blocking IL-23p19 is highly effective in psoriasis and works in Crohn’s disease. Blocking IL-17A directly is highly eff

What is Gram-Negative bacteria? Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms characterized by their unique cell wall structure. They stain pink or red when subjecte

Inflammasomes are complex intracellular structures that play a pivotal role in the immune response by detecting pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors. Their activation is a critical step

A macrophage does not decide to eat; it counts votes. Every particle it touches carries a mixture of pro-phagocytic and inhibitory ligands, and engulfment follows only when the activating tally clear

Enhancing Cancer Research: Syngeneic Mouse Models and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors A quick guide to Syngeneic Mouse Models Syngeneic Mouse Models Cancer research has seen rema

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the realm of regenerative medicine due to their unique properties and versatile potential. Originally discovered in the bone marrow

Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) represent a fascinating component of the immune system, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and mounting rapid responses against pathogens. The

The neutrophil is the most heavily armed short-lived cell in the body. It leaves the marrow with its weapons already made — granules preloaded with elastase, myeloperoxidase and defensins — and spend

Recent advances in immunotherapy have highlighted the importance of targeting immune checkpoints to enhance the immune system’s ability to combat cancer. A new potential target in this gr

Metabolism · Biochemistry GuideBeta-Oxidation of Fatty AcidsBeta-oxidation is the mitochondrial pathway that breaks fatty acids down into acetyl-CoA for energy. This guide covers where it happen

Lab Methods · Flow CytometryFlow Cytometry Protocol: Two Worked Protocols, Controls and 10 Practical TipsFlow cytometry measures individual cells in a fluid stream at hundreds per second, reporting si

In the intricate tapestry of the immune system, macrophages play a pivotal role, orchestrating a wide range of biological responses that protect the body against pathogens, remove cellular debris,

The Assay Genie 3D Organoid Cell Viability Assay (AKES081) provided superior results compared to ThermoScientific PrestoBlue, maintaining over 100% viability at all time points in untrea

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CXCL16 CXCL16, a unique member of the CXC chemokine family, stands at the crossroads of immune modulation and vascular biology. Initially discovered as a chem

Ralitsa R. Madsen – University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Each one of us is the result of an extraordinary developmental proces

For decades, the fight against cancer has been a relentless battle of incremental gains. While immunotherapies like CAR-T cell therapy have offered revolutionary hope, their personalized nature, high

Nod-like receptors Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a versatile family of relatively recently discovered intracellular receptors which have a br

What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum? Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) also known De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin, eyes and central nervous system. It is ca

Embryonic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense potential in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Understanding the diffe

Impact of COVID-19 on Brain Aging and Cognitive DeclineThe COVID-19 pandemic has had profound effects on various aspects of human health, including mental health. A recent study involving nearly 1,000