Description
Human Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) ELISA Kit
The Human Extracellular Calcium Sensing Receptor (CASR) ELISA Kit is a reliable tool designed for the precise measurement of CASR levels in human serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. With its high sensitivity and specificity, this kit ensures accurate and reproducible results, making it suitable for a wide range of research applications.CASR is a key receptor involved in regulating calcium homeostasis and plays a critical role in various cellular functions, including bone metabolism, hormone secretion, and kidney function.
Dysregulation of CASR has been associated with several diseases, such as hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis, highlighting its importance as a potential biomarker for studying these conditions and exploring therapeutic interventions.With the Human Extracellular Calcium Sensing Receptor (CASR) ELISA Kit, researchers can gain valuable insights into the role of CASR in health and disease, ultimately advancing our understanding of calcium signaling pathways and potential treatment strategies.
| Product Name: | Human Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) ELISA Kit |
| SKU: | HUEB1736 |
| Size: | 96T |
| Target: | Human Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) |
| Synonyms: | Parathyroid cell calcium-sensing receptor 1, PCaR1, CaR, GPRC2A, PCAR1 |
| Assay Type: | Sandwich |
| Detection Method: | ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Human |
| Detection Range: | 0.312-20ng/ml |
| Sensitivity: | 0.156ng/mL |
| Intra CV: | 3.3% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Inter CV: | 9.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Linearity: |
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| Recovery: |
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| Function: | G-protein-coupled receptor that senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions and plays a key role in maintaining calcium homeostasis (PubMed:7759551, PubMed:8702647, PubMed:8636323, PubMed:8878438, PubMed:17555508, PubMed:19789209, PubMed:21566075, PubMed:22114145, PubMed:23966241, PubMed:25292184, PubMed:25104082, PubMed:26386835, PubMed:25766501, PubMed:22789683). Senses fluctuations in the circulating calcium concentration and modulates the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in parathyroid glands (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (PubMed:7759551). The G-protein-coupled receptor activity is activated by a co-agonist mechanism: aromatic amino acids, such as Trp or Phe, act concertedly with divalent cations, such as calcium or magnesium, to achieve full receptor activation (PubMed:27434672, PubMed:27386547). |
| Uniprot: | P41180 |
| Sample Type: | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids |
| Specificity: | Natural and recombinant human Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| Sub Unit: | Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:27434672, PubMed:27386547, PubMed:16740594). Interacts with VCP and RNF19A (PubMed:16513638). Interacts with ARRB1 (By similarity). |
| Research Area: | Cardiovascular |
| Subcellular Location: | Cell membrane Multi-pass membrane protein |
| Storage: | Please see kit components below for exact storage details |
| Note: | For research use only |
| UniProt Protein Function: | CaR: a G-protein coupled receptor that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Functions as a calcium sensor for parathyroid and kidney to determine the extracellular calcium concentration and thus helps to maintain a stable calcium concentration. Two alternatively-spliced isoforms have been described. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Membrane protein, integral; Membrane protein, multi-pass; Receptor, GPCR; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; GPCR, family 3 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q13 Cellular Component: integral to plasma membrane; plasma membrane Molecular Function:phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity; protein binding Biological Process: anatomical structure morphogenesis; cellular calcium ion homeostasis; chemosensory behavior; detection of calcium ion; ossification Disease: Epilepsy, Idiopathic Generalized, Susceptibility To, 8; Hyperparathyroidism, Neonatal Severe; Hypocalcemia, Autosomal Dominant 1; Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia, Familial, Type I |
| NCBI Summary: | The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-producing chief cells of the parathyroid gland, and the cells lining the kidney tubule. It senses small changes in circulating calcium concentration and couples this information to intracellular signaling pathways that modify PTH secretion or renal cation handling, thus this protein plays an essential role in maintaining mineral ion homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, isolated hypoparathyroidism, and neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UniProt Code: | P41180 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 1168781 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 846 |
| NCBI Accession: | P41180.2 |
| UniProt Secondary Accession: | P41180,Q13912, Q16108, Q16109, Q16110, Q16379, Q2M1T0 Q4PJ19, |
| UniProt Related Accession: | P41180 |
| Molecular Weight: | 121,772 Da |
| NCBI Full Name: | Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | calcium sensing receptor |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | CASR |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | CAR; FHH; FIH; HHC; EIG8; HHC1; NSHPT; PCAR1; GPRC2A; HYPOC1 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | Parathyroid cell calcium-sensing receptor 1; PCaR1 |
| Protein Family: | Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor |
| UniProt Gene Name: | CASR |
| UniProt Entry Name: | CASR_HUMAN |
| Component | Quantity (96 Assays) | Storage |
| ELISA Microplate (Dismountable) | 8×12 strips | -20°C |
| Lyophilized Standard | 2 | -20°C |
| Sample Diluent | 20ml | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent A | 10mL | -20°C |
| Assay Diluent B | 10mL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent A | 120µL | -20°C |
| Detection Reagent B | 120µL | -20°C |
| Wash Buffer | 30mL | 4°C |
| Substrate | 10mL | 4°C |
| Stop Solution | 10mL | 4°C |
| Plate Sealer | 5 | - |
Other materials and equipment required:
- Microplate reader with 450 nm wavelength filter
- Multichannel Pipette, Pipette, microcentrifuge tubes and disposable pipette tips
- Incubator
- Deionized or distilled water
- Absorbent paper
- Buffer resevoir
*Note: The below protocol is a sample protocol. Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.
Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37°C directly). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at -20°C until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their experiments. We recommend running all samples in duplicate.
| Step | |
| 1. | Add Sample: Add 100µL of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. The blank well is added with Sample diluent. Solutions are added to the bottom of micro ELISA plate well, avoid inside wall touching and foaming as possible. Mix it gently. Cover the plate with sealer we provided. Incubate for 120 minutes at 37°C. |
| 2. | Remove the liquid from each well, don't wash. Add 100µL of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. Incubate for 1 hour at 37°C. Note: if Detection Reagent A appears cloudy warm to room temperature until solution is uniform. |
| 3. | Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400µL) (a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette,manifold dispenser or automated washer are needed). Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential. After the last wash, completely remove remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and pat it against thick clean absorbent paper. |
| 4. | Add 100µL of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 60 minutes at 37°C. |
| 5. | Repeat the wash process for five times as conducted in step 3. |
| 6. | Add 90µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer and incubate for 10-20 minutes at 37°C. Protect the plate from light. The reaction time can be shortened or extended according to the actual color change, but this should not exceed more than 30 minutes. When apparent gradient appears in standard wells, user should terminatethe reaction. |
| 7. | Add 50µL of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing. |
| 8. | Determine the optical density (OD value) of each well at once, using a micro-plate reader set to 450 nm. User should open the micro-plate reader in advance, preheat the instrument, and set the testing parameters. |
| 9. | After experiment, store all reagents according to the specified storage temperature respectively until their expiry. |
When carrying out an ELISA assay it is important to prepare your samples in order to achieve the best possible results. Below we have a list of procedures for the preparation of samples for different sample types.
| Sample Type | Protocol |
| Serum | If using serum separator tubes, allow samples to clot for 30 minutes at room temperature. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Collect the serum fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. If serum separator tubes are not being used, allow samples to clot overnight at 2-8°C. Centrifuge for 10 minutes at 1,000x g. Remove serum and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Plasma | Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 4°C for 15 mins at 1000 × g within 30 mins of collection. Collect the plasma fraction and assay promptly or aliquot and store the samples at -80°C. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Over haemolysed samples are not suitable for use with this kit. |
| Urine & Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collect the urine (mid-stream) in a sterile container, centrifuge for 20 mins at 2000-3000 rpm. Remove supernatant and assay immediately. If any precipitation is detected, repeat the centrifugation step. A similar protocol can be used for cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cell culture supernatant | Collect the cell culture media by pipette, followed by centrifugation at 4°C for 20 mins at 1500 rpm. Collect the clear supernatant and assay immediately. |
| Cell lysates | Solubilize cells in lysis buffer and allow to sit on ice for 30 minutes. Centrifuge tubes at 14,000 x g for 5 minutes to remove insoluble material. Aliquot the supernatant into a new tube and discard the remaining whole cell extract. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Tissue homogenates | The preparation of tissue homogenates will vary depending upon tissue type. Rinse tissue with 1X PBS to remove excess blood & homogenize in 20ml of 1X PBS (including protease inhibitors) and store overnight at ≤ -20°C. Two freeze-thaw cycles are required to break the cell membranes. To further disrupt the cell membranes you can sonicate the samples. Centrifuge homogenates for 5 mins at 5000xg. Remove the supernatant and assay immediately or aliquot and store at -20°C or -80°C. |
| Tissue lysates | Rinse tissue with PBS, cut into 1-2 mm pieces, and homogenize with a tissue homogenizer in PBS. Add an equal volume of RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitors and lyse tissues at room temperature for 30 minutes with gentle agitation. Centrifuge to remove debris. Quantify total protein concentration using a total protein assay. Assay immediately or aliquot and store at ≤ -20 °C. |
| Breast Milk | Collect milk samples and centrifuge at 10,000 x g for 60 min at 4°C. Aliquot the supernatant and assay. For long term use, store samples at -80°C. Minimize freeze/thaw cycles. |
