Metabolism
Profile cellular metabolism pathway by pathway: glycolysis, the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid metabolism and the urea cycle, on a standard plate reader.
Glucose, glycogen, lactate, pyruvate and the ATP and NAD(H) energy pool.
Cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins, fatty acid uptake and oxidation.
Citrate, isocitrate, succinate, fumarate, malate and the enzymes that link them.
Glucose uptake is one of the key control points of cellular metabolism, and is widely studied in diabetes, obesity and cancer. The fluorometric glucose uptake assays listed on this page use 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), which is taken up by glucose transporters and phosphorylated to 2-DG6P. Because 2-DG6P cannot be metabolised further it accumulates in the cell, and is then measured by an enzymatic recycling reaction.
The assay uses no radioactive material and can be automated for screening compounds that regulate glucose transport. Assays for beta-hydroxybutyrate, formate and hydrogen sulfide are also listed in the product grid.
Immunometabolism studies how metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation shape immune cell activation and function. The same pathway assays are used.
Common read-outs are glucose consumption, lactate production and the ATP and NAD(H) balance, with glucose uptake and pyruvate adding further resolution.
Cells take up the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose, which is trapped as 2-DG6P. The accumulated 2-DG6P is measured by fluorescence and is proportional to glucose uptake.
Depending on the kit: cells, tissue, serum, plasma, urine and culture medium.