GNA11
GNA11 (G protein subunit alpha 11, also known as FBH, FBH2, FHH2 and HHC2) is a Gq-class G protein alpha subunit that transduces signals downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. It activates phospholipase C-beta and is linked to disorders of calcium sensing. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GNA11 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GNA11 is a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that acts as a transducer downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in many signalling cascades. The alpha chain carries the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. An activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit then hydrolyses GTP to GDP through its low intrinsic GTPase activity, which terminates the signal; both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numerous regulatory proteins.
Once activated, GNA11 stimulates phospholipase C-beta (PLCB1, PLCB2, PLCB3 or PLCB4), driving inositol lipid hydrolysis and the production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). It transduces FFAR4 signalling in response to long-chain fatty acids and, in the respiratory epithelium, relays OXGR1-dependent signals that lead to intracellular Ca(2+) release and mucociliary clearance of airborne pathogens. Together with GNAQ, it is required for heart development.
The GNA11 gene encodes one of the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, which are built from alpha, beta and gamma units. The protein belongs to the G-alpha family, G(q) subfamily, and sits in the HGNC group of G protein alpha subunits, group q. It localises to the cell membrane and cytoplasm, and the mouse and rat orthologues are both named Gna11. Mutations in the gene are associated with hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia type II (HHC2) and hypocalcaemia dominant 2 (HYPOC2), in which patients show decreased or increased sensitivity, respectively, to changes in extracellular calcium concentration. Earlier names include hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 2 and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class).
GNA11 couples activated GPCRs to phospholipase C-beta, making it a key component for studying GTP/GDP cycling and Gq-class signalling.
Mutations in GNA11 are associated with HHC2 and HYPOC2, which alter sensitivity to extracellular calcium.
Together with GNAQ, GNA11 is required for heart development, so it is relevant to developmental biology studies.
GNA11 transmits OXGR1-dependent signals leading to Ca(2+) release and mucociliary clearance of airborne pathogens.
GNA11 is a G-alpha subunit that relays signals from activated GPCRs. In its GTP-bound state it activates phospholipase C-beta, producing DAG and IP3. Its intrinsic GTPase activity converts GTP to GDP and ends the signal. It also transduces FFAR4 and OXGR1 signals.
GNA11 is also known as FBH, FBH2, FHH2 and HHC2. Earlier names include hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 2 and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 11 (Gq class). UniProt lists the protein as guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11.
Mutations in GNA11 are associated with hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia type II and hypocalcaemia dominant 2, which change sensitivity to extracellular calcium. Mouse and rat both have a Gna11 orthologue; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other G protein alpha subunits and GPCR signalling components with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt P29992; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.