GCSAM
GCSAM (germinal centre associated signalling and motility), also known as HGAL, GCET2 and MGC40441, is a lymphocyte signalling protein that negatively regulates cell motility. It acts through the RhoA pathway and modulates B-cell receptor signalling. Browse Assay Genie's current range of GCSAM research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
GCSAM is involved in the negative regulation of lymphocyte motility and mediates the migration-inhibitory effects of IL-6. It serves as a positive regulator of the RhoA signalling pathway. Enhanced RhoA activation leads to activation of the downstream effector ROCK, which in turn inhibits the motility of lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. GCSAM also regulates B-cell receptor signalling, acting through activation of SYK kinase.
The GCSAM gene encodes a protein that may function in signal transduction pathways. According to the RefSeq summary, the protein contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and two putative SH2 binding sites. UniProt records its subcellular location as the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. In B cells, expression is specifically induced by interleukin-4, and alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms. The mouse ortholog is Gcsam.
Expression of the gene is elevated in germinal centre lymphomas, which is reflected in its earlier name, germinal centre expressed transcript 2 (GCET2). The alias HGAL is also in use, and MGC40441 is a further listed alias. Researchers studying GCSAM typically work on B-cell receptor signalling, RhoA-ROCK control of cell migration and lymphoma biology, where it links cytokine cues such as IL-6 and IL-4 to lymphocyte behaviour.
GCSAM regulates B-cell receptor signalling through SYK kinase activation, making it a useful node for studying signal strength in B cells.
GCSAM negatively regulates lymphocyte motility and mediates the migration-inhibitory effects of IL-6.
GCSAM positively regulates RhoA signalling, and the resulting ROCK activation inhibits lymphocyte and lymphoma cell motility.
Expression of the GCSAM gene is elevated in germinal centre lymphomas, so it is relevant to lymphoma biology and B-cell malignancy research.
GCSAM negatively regulates lymphocyte motility. It positively regulates RhoA signalling, which activates the effector ROCK and inhibits lymphocyte and lymphoma cell migration. It also mediates the migration-inhibitory effects of IL-6 and regulates B-cell receptor signalling through SYK kinase activation.
GCSAM is also called HGAL, GCET2 and MGC40441. The earlier name was germinal centre expressed transcript 2. Alternative splicing of the gene gives multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms, so check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Expression of GCSAM is elevated in germinal centre lymphomas. In B cells, its expression is specifically induced by interleukin-4. It also mediates the migration-inhibitory effects of IL-6. A mouse ortholog, Gcsam, is annotated for the gene.
Cytokines, kinases and Rho pathway proteins connected to GCSAM signalling in lymphocytes.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q8N6F7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.