TMPRSS2
TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2, also known as PRSS10) is a type II transmembrane serine protease of the peptidase S1 family. It is androgen-regulated in prostate cancer cells and is used by several respiratory viruses to enter host cells. Browse Assay Genie's current range of TMPRSS2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
TMPRSS2 is a serine protease that belongs to the peptidase S1 family. The encoded protein has a type II transmembrane domain, a receptor class A domain, a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and a protease domain. The protease domain is thought to be cleaved and released into the surrounding medium after autocleavage, which accounts for the protein's presence both at the cell membrane and in secreted form. Serine proteases take part in many physiological and pathological processes.
A major research focus is the role of TMPRSS2 in infection. The protein facilitates entry of viruses into host cells by proteolytically cleaving and activating viral envelope glycoproteins. Viruses reported to use it for cell entry include influenza virus and the human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. For human coronavirus HKU1-CoV, TMPRSS2 acts as a receptor working synergistically with disialoside glycans. After the virus binds cell-surface disialoside glycans, its S protein interacts with the inactive form of TMPRSS2 and inhibits its protease activity.
The TMPRSS2 gene was shown to be up-regulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and down-regulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue. HGNC places it in the scavenger receptor cysteine rich domain containing group and the type II transmembrane serine proteases group. Its earlier symbol was PRSS10, and its previous name was transmembrane protease, serine 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. The mouse ortholog is Tmprss2.
TMPRSS2 cleaves and activates viral envelope glycoproteins, and is used for entry by influenza virus and several human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
For HKU1-CoV, TMPRSS2 acts as a receptor together with disialoside glycans, and the viral S protein inhibits its protease activity.
Expression is up-regulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and down-regulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue.
As a peptidase S1 family member with a protease domain that autocleaves and is secreted, it is a model for type II transmembrane serine proteases.
TMPRSS2 is a transmembrane serine protease. It proteolytically cleaves and activates viral envelope glycoproteins, which helps viruses such as influenza virus and several human coronaviruses enter host cells. Its protease domain is thought to be cleaved and secreted after autocleavage. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
TMPRSS2 is the HGNC symbol for transmembrane serine protease 2. The earlier symbol was PRSS10, and the previous name was transmembrane protease, serine 2. UniProt lists it as transmembrane protease serine 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported for the gene.
The TMPRSS2 gene is up-regulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and down-regulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue. The protein is also used for cell entry by influenza virus, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. A mouse ortholog, Tmprss2, has been identified.
Other transmembrane serine proteases from the same protein group, with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt O15393; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.