PD-1
PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1, also known as CD279, PD1, hSLE1 and SLEB2) is an immune-inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T cells. It regulates T-cell function and is a central axis in tumour immune escape and in protection against autoimmunity. Browse Assay Genie's current range of PD-1 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor found on the surface of activated T cells, where it takes part in regulating T-cell functions, including those of effector CD8+ T cells. When PD-1 binds its ligand CD274 (also called PDCD1L1 or PD-L1), the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is inhibited. The protein can also promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T regulatory cells.
This inhibitory pathway has two sides. PD-1 helps safeguard against autoimmunity, but it can also contribute to the suppression of effective anti-tumour and anti-microbial immunity. Tumours exploit the PD-1-mediated pathway to attenuate anti-tumour immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, which facilitates tumour survival. PD-1 is expressed in many types of tumours, including melanomas, and has been shown to play a role in anti-tumour immunity. Blocking the PD-1 pathway reverses the exhausted T-cell phenotype and normalises the anti-tumour response, which provides the rationale for cancer immunotherapy.
The human PDCD1 gene encodes a cell membrane protein classed by HGNC among the CD molecules and the V-set domain containing group. Its previous name, systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility 2, is reflected in the aliases SLEB2 and hSLE1. The mouse ortholog is Pdcd1. Researchers studying the PD-1 gene or PD-1 protein typically do so in the context of T-cell exhaustion, checkpoint signalling and tumour immunology.
Blocking the PD-1 pathway reverses the exhausted T-cell phenotype and normalises anti-tumour responses, providing the rationale for checkpoint-based immunotherapy.
Tumours exploit PD-1-mediated inhibition to attenuate anti-tumour immunity, and PD-1 is expressed in many tumour types, including melanoma.
PD-1 regulates T-cell functions, including those of effector CD8+ T cells, and inhibits CTL effector function on binding CD274.
PD-1 helps safeguard against autoimmunity and promotes differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T regulatory cells.
PD-1 is an immune-inhibitory receptor on activated T cells. It regulates T-cell functions, including those of effector CD8+ T cells, and on binding CD274 it inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector function. It also helps guard against autoimmunity.
The HGNC gene symbol is PDCD1, and the protein is also called CD279, PD1, hSLE1 and SLEB2. The gene was previously named systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility 2. UniProt lists the protein as programmed cell death protein 1.
Tumours exploit the PD-1-mediated inhibitory pathway to dampen anti-tumour immunity and evade immune destruction. Blocking the pathway reverses the exhausted T-cell phenotype and normalises the anti-tumour response, which underpins cancer immunotherapy. A mouse ortholog, Pdcd1, exists; check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other programmed cell death family proteins with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q15116; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.