LPCAT2
LPCAT2 (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2, also known as LysoPAFAT, AGPAT11, LPLAT9 and AYTL1) is a lysophospholipid acyltransferase with both acyltransferase and acetyltransferase activity. It contributes to phosphatidylcholine synthesis and to platelet-activating factor biosynthesis. Browse Assay Genie's current range of LPCAT2 research reagents below, or read on for the biology behind the target.
LPCAT2 catalyses the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into phosphatidylcholine (PC), a major component of cell membranes. It also converts 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid, LPA) into phosphatidic acid by adding an acyl group at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. In addition, the enzyme is involved in platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis: it converts the precursor lyso-PAF into PAF through its acetyltransferase activity, and it can also convert lyso-PAF into the acyl form of PC, which is itself a PAF precursor.
The balance between these activities is regulated. Under resting conditions the acyltransferase activity is preferred, whereas an acute inflammatory stimulus enhances the acetyltransferase activity and increases PAF synthesis. LPCAT2 is also involved in regulating the number and size of lipid droplets. The NCBI Gene summary notes that the enzyme may use arachidonyl-CoA and LPC to make glycerophospholipid precursors, and that it may function in membrane biogenesis and in PAF production in inflammatory cells.
The LPCAT2 gene encodes a member of the lysophospholipid acyltransferase family, and the protein belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family. HGNC places it in the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases, EF-hand domain containing and lysophospholipid acyltransferases gene groups. Its previous name was acyltransferase like 1. UniProt lists localisation to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, Golgi apparatus membrane, cell membrane and lipid droplets. Related family members include LPCAT1, LPCAT3 and LPCAT4.
LPCAT2 raises PAF synthesis through enhanced acetyltransferase activity after an acute inflammatory stimulus, making it a focus for studying inflammatory lipid mediators.
By converting LPC to phosphatidylcholine, a major membrane component, LPCAT2 is studied in membrane biogenesis and glycerophospholipid remodelling.
LPCAT2 is involved in regulating lipid droplet number and size, so it is relevant to research on neutral lipid storage.
The enzyme acylates LPA at the sn-2 position to yield phosphatidic acid, linking it to glycerophospholipid precursor metabolism.
LPCAT2 converts lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid into phosphatidic acid. It also converts lyso-PAF into platelet-activating factor. Acyltransferase activity predominates at rest, while acetyltransferase activity and PAF synthesis increase after an acute inflammatory stimulus.
LPCAT2 is also known as LysoPAFAT, AGPAT11, LPLAT9, AYTL1 and FLJ20481. Its previous HGNC name was acyltransferase like 1. The enzyme is classified as EC 2.3.1.23 and belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.
Yes. Mouse and rat both have an ortholog named Lpcat2, so the enzyme can be studied in standard rodent models. Check the datasheet of any product for its validated reactivity.
Other lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases and related lysophospholipid acyltransferases with products at Assay Genie.
Gene and protein annotations from HGNC, NCBI Gene and UniProt Q7L5N7; product specifications from Assay Genie datasheets.